Table 2.

Human dermal fibroblast survival under low-Ca²⁺ conditions: Effects of Gd³⁺ salts and chelated-Gd³⁺.

Intervention	Number of cells ×10−4
	50 μM	100 μM	500 μM	1 mM	5 mM
Gd3+ - chloride	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Gd3+ - phosphate	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Gd3+ - carbonate	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Omniscan	<0.5	0.7 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.2*	4.0 ± 0.1*	4.3 ± 0.1*
Magnevist	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	0.3 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.1*
Multihance	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	0.8 ± 0.1
Gadodiamide	<0.5	<0.5	1.1 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.3*	3.3 ± 0.2*

Values shown are means and standard deviations based on n=3 separate experiments for each reagent. Statistical significance of the data was assessed by ANOVA, followed by paired-group comparisons.

^*indicates statistically significant increase relative to control at p<0.05 level.