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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resuscitation. 2011 Oct 6;83(2):159–167. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.09.023

Table 1. Characteristics of the randomized controlled trials included in the meta-analysis.

Author Year Country Population
setting		 Total number
of patients		 Mean
age
(years)		 Men
(%)		 Mean cardiac
arrest
duration
(min)		 Hypothermia
group target
temperature
(°C)		 Normothermia
group
temperature
(°C)		 Cooling technique Infusion type Duration of
cooling
(min)		 Study
Quality		 Definition of AKI
Clifton 1993 USA Traumatic brain injury 46 29 NR NA 32-33 37 Cooling blanket NA 2880 1 Not specified
Lajos 1993 USA CABG-CPB 163 63 71 73 30 37 Fluid infusion Crystalloid 91 1 Not specified
30 37 Fluid infusion Blood 98
Ip-Yam 1994 UK CABG-CPB 23 60 83 62 28 37 Fluid infusion Hartmann's solution 112 1 Change in Cr clearance
Kaukoranta 1995 Finland CABG-CPB 101 59 81 103 32-33 37 Fluid infusion Blood 126 1 Not specified
Regragui 1995 UK CABG-CPB 30 59 57 35 28 37 Fluid infusion Crystalloid 75 2 Change in sCr and
32 37 Fluid infusion Crystalloid 72 Cr clearance
Engelman 1999 USA CABG-CPB 291 63 77 86 23-28 35-36 Fluid infusion (Blood:crystall oid 4:1) 135 2 Not specified
32-33 35-36 Fluid infusion (Blood:crystall oid 4:1) 139
Jacquet 1999 Belgium CABG-CPB 200 65 73 65 30 37 Fluid infusion Crystalloid 115 1 Change in sCr not specified; need for dialysis
Kuhn-Regnier 1999 Germany CABG-CPB 60 65 77 55 NR NR Fluid infusion Blood 89 1 Change in sCr
Bernard 2002 Australia Out-of hospital cardiac arrest 77 59 67 26 33 37 Ice packs NA 720 3 Change in sCr
Gaudino 2002 Italy CABG-CPB 113 NA 93 62 26 37 Fluid infusion Blood 88 2 Not specified
Koksoy 2002 USA AAA-CPB 34 64 53 62 15a 37 Fluid infusion Ringer' solution 23 3 > 50% increase in sCr within first 10 postoperative days; need for dialysis
HACA 2002 European countries Out-of hospital cardiac arrest 275 59 76 22 32-34 37 Mattress & ice packs NA 1440 3 Not specified
Baron 2003 France CABG-CPB 69 64 87 49 15b 37 Fluid infusion Blood+ crystalloid 98 1 Not specified
Zeiner 2004 Austria Out-of hospital cardiac arrest 88 54 73 22 32-34 37 Mattress & ice pack NA 1440 3 Change in sCr and Cr clearance, need for dialysis
Qiu 2007 China Traumatic brain injury 80 41 65 NA 34.5-36 37 Cooling blanket, and cooling cap ice pack NA 5760 4 Not specified
Boodhwani 2009 Canada CABG-CPB 267 69 88 46 34 37 Thermal pads connected to thermal control system NA 77.3 2 >25% increase in sCr or decrease in Cr clearance
Kamarainen 2009 Finland Out-of hospital cardiac arrest 43 61 95 23 33 37 Fluid infusion Ringer' solution 37 3 Single sCr measurement (in emergency room)
Castrén 2010 European countries Out-of hospital cardiac arrest 200 65 75 31 34 37 Intranasal cooling NA 32 3 Not specified
Hemmen 2010 USA Ischemic stroke 58 66 55 NA 33 37 Intravascular cooling with thermal control system NA 1440 3 sCr & urea nitrogen measurement at day 2 & 7

AAA denotes abdominal aortic aneurysm; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass pump; HACA, Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group; NR, not reported; Cr, creatinine; sCr, serum creatinine;

a

renal temperature

b

temperature of solution. A study quality score of 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5 corresponds to a study of poor, fair, and good quality, respectively.