Table 3.
The risk of impairment sequelae by insult and overall
| Overall | Sepsis | Meningitis | Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy | Preterm birth | Jaundice | Tetanus | Cytomegalovirus | Herpes | Rubella | Toxoplasmosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least one sequela in any domain | 39·4% (20·0–54·8) | 48·9% (39·1–59·2) | 46·4% (36·9–68·4) | 44·2% (20·6–53·9) | 27·9% (18·6–46·4) | 25·3% (13·2–39·2) | 20·8% (11·5–45·0) | 48·3% (20·8–73·8) | 51·5% (31·3–56·5) | 82·0% (68·5–100·0) | 55·6% (51·2–85·7) |
| Cognitive or learning difficulties or developmental delay | 26·0% (14·3–43·4) | 30·0% (26·4–44·4) | 33·3% (26·7–36·8) | 29·7% (13·0–40·7) | 20·9% (12·5–39·5) | 16·1% (11·7–23·9) | 20·8% (10·5–95·8) | 27·8% (9·5–57·1) | 12·5% (5·2–17·4) | 22·7% (7·1–23·6) | 33·3% (19·1–70·8) |
| Cerebral palsy | 15·5% (9·2–28·6) | 12·4% (11·1–14·9) | 11·7% (6·2–29·0) | 28·3% (19·1–42·0) | 11·6% (8·0–17·7) | 10·5% (3·7–14·4) | .. | 24·3% (11·4–35·8) | 29·9% (20·0–39·1) | .. | .. |
| Hearing loss | 13·4% (5·0–28·6) | 18·7% (8·9–36·1) | 8·6% (2·6–13·1) | 10·0% (5·0–11·6) | 2·9% (1·2–8·7) | 11·1% (5·7–23·0) | .. | 25·0% (16·1–50·0) | .. | 56·9% (28·6–69·9) | .. |
| Visual disturbance | 12·9% (3·5–33·4) | 12·5% (11·1–21·9) | 20·0% (13·3–36·8) | 12·0% (3·3–24·3) | 2·8% (1·4–11·3) | .. | .. | 7·1% (2·3–21·8) | 48·7% (40·8–57·2) | 37·3% (31·3–65·2) | 55·6% (51·2–85·7) |
| Epilepsy | 14·7% (7·2–44·4) | .. | 15·8% (5·4–50·0) | 10·9% (3·4–23·1) | 31·3% (29·4–33·3) | 11·9% (3·5–16·7) | .. | 11·1% (10·7–21·7) | 32·5% (30·2–36·1) | .. | 14·3% (11·1–16·7) |
| Gross motor and coordination problems* | 16·9% (10·0–29·2) | .. | 6·7% (2·6–10·6) | 20·1% (5·6–33·3) | 18·9% (11·8–25·6) | 20·1% (12·8–39·4) | .. | 10·9% (2·2–58·2) | 25·0% (22·2–37·5) | .. | 6·6% (4·8–8·3) |
| Behavioural problems | 10·7% (5·5–25·0) | .. | .. | 13·1% (2·9–23·3) | 9·4% (4·9–17·9) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Severe sequela in at least one domain | 18·5% (7·7–33·3) | 39·9% (32·1–44·8) | 15·0% (10·8–26·3) | 27·1% (20·6–38·5) | 9·6% (6·6–18·2) | 9·3% (2·3–22·7) | .. | 11·1% (5·6–27·3) | 34·8% (25·0–40·6) | 82·3% (63·6–96·1) | 22·2% (3·2–25·0) |
| Moderate sequelae in at least one domain | 5·0% (0·0–13·3) | 9·3% (0·0–21·8) | 6·7% (1·1–13·3) | 2·9% (0·0–8·3) | 5·5% (0·0–13·4) | 1·5% (0·0–12·7) | .. | 11·1% (0·0–27·3) | 5·8% (0·0–12·5) | .. | 22·8% (2·1–29·2) |
| Minor or mild sequelae in at least one domain | 10·0% (1·4–17·9) | .. | 10·0% (0·0–20·0) | 8·5% (1·4–12·5) | 13·9% (4·7–25·0) | 4·2% (2·6–10·9) | .. | 11·1% (8·0–19·1) | 12·5% (5·2–17·4) | 13·1% (4·1–31·7) | 11·1% (5·0–37·5) |
| Severe cognitive or learning difficulties | 17·3% (6·3–26·9) | 26·4% (22·2–30·0) | 11·4% (5·6–18·9) | 25·0% (17·9–40·7) | 7·0% (4·1–18·7) | .. | .. | 19·6% (5·9–37·8) | 36·4% (6·3–40·6) | .. | 10·7% (4·8–16·7) |
| Moderate cognitive or learning difficulties | 7·1% (0·0–12·5) | .. | .. | 6·9% (0·0–11·5) | 11·0% (5·6–13·9) | .. | .. | .. | 7·5% (4·3–10·0) | .. | 6·5% (4·8–8·3) |
| Mild cognitive or learning difficulties | 10·0% (0·7–15·0) | .. | 14·4% (0·0–15·8) | 2·4% (0·0–10·0) | 14·0% (7·4–22·7) | .. | .. | 13·2% (3·6–14·3) | 9·1% (3·0–15·0) | .. | 8·9% (8·3–9·5) |
| Severe cerebral palsy | 11·4% (7·4–24·0) | .. | 10·0% (2·7–11·4) | 24·0% (16·7–36·5) | 9·2% (4·1–12·1) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Moderate cerebral palsy | 2·4% (0·0–6·6) | .. | .. | 1·4% (0·0–4·3) | 5·5% (3·5–7·5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Mild cerebral palsy | 1·5% (0·0–4·1) | .. | 1·8% (0·0–12·8) | 0·9% (0·0–1·6) | 4·1% (2·0–6·7) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Deaf or severe hearing loss | 4·9% (1·1–17·4) | 11·1% (4·1–19·4) | 0·6% (0·0–1·5) | .. | 1·8% (0·9–4·3) | .. | .. | 9·5% (5·6–17·4) | .. | 37·7% (21·4–60·2) | .. |
| Mild to moderate hearing loss | 10·4% (0·0–15·2) | 4·8% (0·0–21·4) | 6·5% (0·9–13·1) | .. | 0·3% (0–4·3) | .. | .. | 13·6% (11·1–16·7) | .. | 13·1% (5·4–17·9) | .. |
| Blind or severe visual loss | 2·4% (0·6–10·0) | 11·1% (5·6–12·5) | 4·5% (1·1–12·3) | .. | 1·9% (0·5–2·8) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22·2% (3·2–25·0) |
| Mild to moderate visual impairment | .. | .. | 14·5% (4·5–30·0) | .. | 0·7% (0·0–4·0) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 33·3% (7·1–66·7) |
| Multiple impairments | 13·8% (8·0–33·3) | .. | .. | 20·5% (14·7–37·8) | 8·1% (3·7–10·2) | 12·4% (5·5–19·4) | .. | 22·6% (8·3–33·3) | .. | .. | .. |
Data are median (IQR). No data are given when the numbers were too few, domain was not assessed, or the impairment was graded.
*
Cerebral palsy was not defined and classified but motor and coordination impairments were reported.