FIGURE 2. Effect of Substance Abuse, Psychotropic Medication Use, Predictors of Illness Severity, and Measures of Functional Outcome on GAD67 mRNA Levels in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia Subjects^a.

^aGAD67 mRNA levels in subjects with schizophrenia (circles) or schizoaffective disorder (triangles) did not differ significantly as a function of the presence or absence of substance abuse or dependence at time of death; history of cannabis use; nicotine use at the time of death; or use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, or benzodiazepines and/or valproic acid at the time of death. Additionally, GAD67 mRNA levels did not significantly differ based on the presence or absence of predictors of disease severity (sex, schizophrenia versus schizoaffective disorder diagnosis, first-degree relative with schizophrenia, or age at onset of illness) or measures of functional impairment (history of marriage, highest achieved socioeconomic status, independent living, or death by suicide). M=male; F=female; SZ=schizophrenia; SA=schizoaffective disorder; SES=socioeconomic status. Numbers at the bottom of bars indicate number of schizophrenia subjects per group.

^b Information was not available for all subjects.