Table 1. Real-time Taqman PCR primers and probes used to detect acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) and sacbrood virus (SBV).

Virus	Forward primer	Reverse primer	Probe
ABPV	ABPV 5436F:TAA CCA ATG AAG TRT CCA TAG GAA CTA	ABPV 5481R:TCT CCT GCR ATA ACC TTG GGT	ABPV 5515TMGB:TGT TTA TTC CCA AGA TTG
BQCV 1 , 3	BQCV 9195F:GGT GCG GGA GAT GAT ATG GA	BQCV 8265R:GCC GTC TGA GAT GCA TGA ATA C	BQCV 8217T:TTT CCA TCT TTA TCG GTA CGC CGC C
CBPV 2 , 3	CBPVF:CGC AAG TAC GCC TTG ATA AAG AAC	CBPVR:ACT ACT AGA AAC TCG TCG CTT CG	CBPVT:TCA AGA ACG AGA CCA CCG CCA AGT TC
DWV 1 , 3	DWV 9587F:CCT GGA CAA GGT CTC GGT AGA A	DWV 9711R:ATT CAG GAC CCC ACC CAA AT	DWV 9627T:CAT GCT CGA GGA TTG GGT CGT CGT
IAPV 2 , 3	IAPV B4S0427_R130M:RCR TCA GTC GTC TTC CAG GT	IAPV B4S0427_L17M:CGA ACT TGG TGA CTT GAR GG	IAPVT:TTG CGG CAA TCC AGC CGT GAA AC
SBV 2 , 3	SBV 311F:AAG TTG GAG GCG CGY AAT TG	SBV 380R:CAA ATG TCT TCT TAC DAG AGG YAA GGA TTG	SBV 331TMGB:CGG AGT GGA AAG AT

¹ [74].

² [75].

³ [76].