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SEM images of untreated PVC and NanoR PVC. Untreated PVC samples revealed a smooth surface (A, 10 KX; C, 30 KX; and E, 65 KX). On the other hand, NanoR PVC samples revealed a rough surface (B, 10 KX; D, 30 KX; and F, 65 KX).
Abbreviations: NanoR, nanorough; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; SEM, scanning electron microscope.
