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. 2012 Feb 7;7(2):e30280. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030280

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Murai et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) A549 cells were cultured with ALT-E for 30 min. Changes in cell morphology were monitored by live cell imaging. (B) Time course of ALT-E-induced IL-18 release from airway epithelial cells. (C) Exposure of cultured A549 epithelial cells to ALT-E induces cell necrosis. (D) ALT-E challenge of mice induces sloughing of trypan blue positive necrotic airway epithelial cells (n = 4 per group). (E) Caspase 1 inhibitor (Cas.1 inh.) reduces IL-18 release from A549 airway epithelial cells cultured with ALT-E.