Table 1.
Characteristics of children with and without elevated TR velocity
| TR velocity >2.5 m/s (N=10) |
TR velocity <2.5 m/s (N=19) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTproBNP (pg/ml); median (range) | 105.5 (28–839.7) | 81.9 (18.1–373.7) | 0.44§ |
| Age (years); median (range) | 12 (4–19) | 8 (3–19) | 0.20* |
| Sex (male : female) | 4:6 | 8:11 | 0.58¶ |
| Time to live at altitude; median (range) | 11 (2–19) | 7.5 (3–19) | <0.05§ |
| Acute chest syndrome; case (%) | 7 (70) | 14(73) | |
| (median times of episode) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) | 0.85§ |
| Admission for crisis; case (%) | 9 (90) | 17 (89) | |
| (median times of hospitalization for crisis) | 7 (0–30) | 3 (0–10) | <0.05 § |
| Stroke; case (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 0.38¶ |
| Hydroxyurea; case (%) | 5 (50) | 7 (37) | 0.42¶ |
| Chronic blood transfusion; case (%) | 2 (20) | 3 (16) | 0.79¶ |
| Laboratory data | Median (range) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 8.9 (4.8–13.1) | 8.5 (7.4–11.6) | 0.96* |
| White blood cell (×103/µl) | 12.4 (5.4–351) | 12.6 (4.3–18.9) | 0.64§ |
| Platelet (×103/µl) | 369.5 (194–559) | 393 (303–522) | 0.93* |
| Reticulocyte (%) | 11.8 (1.2–20.3) | 12.5 (4.6–20.1) | 0.59* |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/l) | 532 (267–1406) | 500 (351–1998) | 0.82* |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 2.2 (0.7–3.2) | 3.9 (1.1–7) | 0.08* |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.2 (0–0.4) | 0.3 (0–0.6) | 0.22* |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 204.7 (40.2–1477) | 264.4 (27.1–797.4) | 0.93§ |
| Iron (µg/dl) | 86.5 (77–132) | 95.5 (49–123) | 0.46§ |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/l) | 57.5 (21–108) | 44.5 (28–77) | 0.33* |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l) | 27 (12–52) | 22 (9–39) | 0.46* |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 8.2 (5–9.9) | 7.5 (4.3–11) | 0.73* |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.73§ |
| Echocardiographic data | Median (range) | ||
| Right ventricular diastolic dimension (mm) | 18.3 (9.8–24.9) | 13.4 (7.8–23.5) | <0.05* |
| Left ventricular diastolic dimension (mm) | 43.7 (32.7–54.7) | 41.7 (30.8–49.8) | 0.52* |
| Left ventricular fractional shortening (%) | 42 (33–49) | 38 (26–45) | 0.10* |
| Left ventricular inflow E velocity (m/s) | 1.3 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.09§ |
| Lateral E’ velocity (cm/s) | 19 (12–22) | 20 (11–25) | 0.55* |
| Lateral E/E’ ratio | 6.7 (4.3–12.9) | 5.9 (3.6–13.5) | 0.34§ |
NTproBNP; N-terminal fragment brain natriuretic peptide, TR; Tricuspid regurgitation velocity
*
Two-sample t-test for normal distribution data for normally distributed data
§
Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data
¶
Chi-square test