Table 2.

Volatile composition of Russian alcohol products. Values are given in g/hl pa (with the exception of ethanol [% vol], ethyl carbamate, PHMG and diethyl phthalate (DEP) [mg/l]) ^*

Category	Code	Ethanol [% vol]	Acetaldehyde	Methanol	1-Propanol	1-Butanol	Iso-Butanol	Amyl alcohols	1-Hexanol	2-Phenyl ethanol	Sum of higher alcohols	Ethyl acetate	Benzyl acetate	Ethyl lactate	Ethyl caprylate	Ethyl benzoate	Benzaldehyde	Ethyl carbamate [mg/l]	DEP	PHMG
Sam.a	Y1	26.2	13.2	118	29.9	0.3	53.0	191	n.d.e	9.8	284	22.6	n.d.	20.2	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	Y2	35.6	10.9	325	21.4	2.7	55.4	201	1.8	4.4	286	101	n.d.	50.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.06	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	Y3	40.9	23.1	5.6	6.3	n.d.	179	282	n.d.	18.3	485	n.d.	21.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.06	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	Y4	43.0	9.8	67.2	31.2	1.1	41.3	148	n.d.	2.9	225	87.0	n.d.	211	1.1	n.d.	n.d.	0.16	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	Y5	46.7	16.3	1.9	13.5	n.d.	92.5	163	n.d.	7.8	277	n.d.	18.4	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	Y6	29.8	29.4	216	49.8	1.1	87.8	333	n.d.	9.9	482	51.3	n.d.	30.1	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.06	n.d.	n.d.
Vod.b	Y7	40.1	n.d.	2.3	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Vod.	Y8	40.1	0.5	5.9	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.c	Y9	**	1.2	4.3	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	Y10	**	1.2	7.4	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sam.	N1	40.6	19.1	3.4	35.1	1.2	162	242	n.d.	10.6	451	28.7	n.d.	1.2	1.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Vod.	N2	40.2	0.6	2.3	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Vod.	N3	40.1	0.6	4.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sur.d	S1	75.3	0.7	2.9	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1269	515
Sur.	S2	30.7	20.5	817	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.5	n.d.	n.d.	1.5	2.9	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.06	n.d.	n.d.
Sur.	S3	81.4	0.5	3.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sur.	S4	79.7	1.9	10.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	S5	**	6.1	9.9	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	3.1	0.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	S6	72.1	0.7	3.0	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	S7	69.8	5.2	3.7	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.4	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	S8	67.2	2.5	11.7	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Med.	S9	80.0	0.7	2.9	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	275	n.d.
AMPHORA limit		–	50	1000	–	–	–	–	–	–	1000	1000	–	–	–	–	500	0.4	480	–
Russian GOST		–	0.01	0.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.035	0.030f	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

^aSamogon

^bVodka

^cMedicinal alcohol

^dSurrogate alcohol

^en.d.: not detected (detection limit 0.5 g/hlpa); negative in all samples: benzyl alcohol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate

^fSum of all esters

^* all measurements were done in triplicate, the mean values are shown

^** not enough sample amount for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurement