Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Sleep quality
Systematic review	43 people with primary insomnia, at least 80% aged 60 years and over Data from 1 RCT	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 16 weeks 5.4 with exercise therapy 8.8 with no treatment	Mean score improvement with exercise programme v no treatment: 3.4 95% CI 1.9 to 5.4 P <0.001	Effect size not calculated	exercise therapy
RCT	52 people aged 59 to 86 years Subgroup analysis	Proportion of people with PSQI of at least 5 at baseline who achieved PSQI <5 25 weeks 19/30 (63%) with Tai Chi Chih 7/22 (32%) with health education control	P <0.05	Effect size not calculated	Tai Chi Chih
RCT	52 people aged 59 to 86 years Subgroup analysis	Change from baseline in PSQI global sleep quality score 25 weeks From 6.67 to 2.30 with Tai Chi Chih From 8.18 to 6.97 with health education control	P <0.001	Effect size not calculated	Tai Chi Chih