Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Recurrence
[109] Systematic review	30 people Data from 1 RCT	Recurrence after 18 months 5% with surgery plus compression stockings 24% with compression stockings alone Absolute numbers not reported	RR 0.21 95% CI 0.03 to 0.80 The RCT was poorly controlled, and its results should be interpreted with caution	Moderate effect size	surgery plus compression stockings
[92] RCT	45 people	Recurrence rates over 3 years 2/21 (10%) with minimally invasive surgery 9/24 (38%) with compression bandages	P <0.05 The RCT randomised legs rather than people	Effect size not calculated	surgery
[95] RCT	428 people	Recurrence rates after 12 months 12% with superficial vein surgery plus compression 28% with compression alone Absolute numbers not reported	HR –2.76 95% CI –4.27 to –1.78	Effect size not calculated	surgery plus compression
[96] RCT	People with leg ulcers Further report of reference [95]	Recurrence rates 3 years 31% with superficial vein surgery plus compression 56% with compression alone Absolute numbers not reported	Reported as significant P <0.01	Effect size not calculated	surgery plus compression
[93] RCT	170 people	Recurrence rates 27 months 22% with subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery plus compression 23% with compression alone Absolute results reported graphically	Reported as not significant		Not significant