Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Acute otitis media
Systematic review	3760 people 11 RCTs in this analysis	Acute otitis media 14 days 11/2325 (0.5%) with antibiotics 28/1435 (2.0%) with placebo	RR 0.30 95% CI 0.15 to 0.58	Small effect size	antibiotics
Acute sinusitis
Systematic review	2387 people 8 RCTs in this analysis	Acute sinusitis 14 days 4/1545 (0.3%) with antibiotics 4/842 (0.5%) with placebo	RR 0.48 95% CI 0.08 to 2.76		Not significant
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Systematic review	2433 people 8 RCTs in this analysis	Peritonsillar abscess 2 months 2/1438 (0.1%) with antibiotics 23/995 (2.3%) with placebo	RR 0.15 95% CI 0.05 to 0.47	Small effect size	antibiotics
Acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis
Systematic review	10,101 people 16 RCTs in this analysis	Acute rheumatic fever 2 months 37/5656 (0.7%) with antibiotics 74/4445 (1.7%) with placebo	RR 0.27 95% CI 0.12 to 0.60 The incidence of acute rheumatic fever has declined with time. The 111 cases of acute rheumatic fever assessed by the review all occurred in 10 trials undertaken between 1950 and 1961; there were no cases in the remaining 5 trials undertaken between 1987 and 2000	Small effect size	antibiotics
Systematic review	5147 people 10 RCTs in this analysis	Acute glomerulonephritis 0/2927 (0%) with antibiotics 2/2220 (0.1%) with placebo	RR 0.22 95% CI 0.02 to 2.08		Not significant