Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Crying
[13] RCT	201 term infants undergoing venepuncture In review [12]	Median duration of crying first 3 minutes 1 second with 30% oral glucose plus topical placebo 18 seconds with topical lidocaine–prilocaine anaesthetic cream plus oral water	P = 0.001	Effect size not calculated	30% oral glucose
Composite scales: Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP]
[13] RCT	201 term infants undergoing venepuncture In review [12]	Mean PIPP scores 4.6 with 30% oral glucose plus topical placebo 5.7 with topical lidocaine–prilocaine anaesthetic cream plus oral water	P = 0.03	Effect size not calculated	30% oral glucose
[13] RCT	201 term infants undergoing venepuncture In review [12]	Proportion of infants with pain defined as PIPP score over 6 19% with 30% oral glucose plus topical placebo 42% with topical lidocaine–prilocaine anaesthetic cream plus oral water Absolute numbers not reported	P = 0.0007	Effect size not calculated	30% oral glucose