Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Adverse effects
[47] RCT Crossover design	172 people	Proportion of people reporting adverse effects 16/172 (10%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus formoterol (12 micrograms twice daily) 22/172 (13%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus salbutamol (200 micrograms 4 times daily)	Significance not assessed
[47] RCT Crossover design	172 people	Proportion of people reporting dyspnoea 2/172 (1%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus formoterol (12 micrograms twice daily) 5/172 (3%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus salbutamol (200 micrograms 4 times daily)	Significance not assessed
[47] RCT Crossover design	172 people	Proportion of people reporting exacerbation of obstructive airway disease 0/172 (0%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus formoterol (12 micrograms twice daily) 5/172 (3%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus salbutamol (200 micrograms 4 times daily)	Significance not assessed
[47] RCT Crossover design	172 people	Proportion of people reporting pharyngitis 1/172 (1%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus formoterol (12 micrograms twice daily) 3/172 (2%) with ipratropium (40 micrograms 4 times daily) plus salbutamol (200 micrograms 4 times daily)	Significance not assessed