Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Symptom improvement
RCT	30 men In review	Physician-rated improvement 3 months 7/10 (70%) with pentosan polysulfate sodium 200 mg twice daily 5/14 (36%) with placebo	RR 2.00 95% CI 0.87 to 4.40 The RCT may have been too small to detect important clinical differences between groups		Not significant
RCT	30 men In review	Proportion of people reporting improvement in symptom score 3 months 5/10 (50%) with pentosan polysulfate sodium 200 mg twice daily 6/14 (43%) with placebo	RR 1.2 95% CI 0.5 to 2.8		Not significant
RCT	100 men	Mean score improvement in the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total score 16 weeks 5.9 with pentosan polysulfate 300 mg three times daily 3.2 with placebo	P = 0.081		Not significant
RCT	100 men	Mean score improvement in the NIH-CPSI score for urinary symptoms domain 16 weeks 1.2 with pentosan polysulfate 300 mg three times daily 0.5 with placebo	P = 0.374		Not significant
RCT	100 men	Mean score improvement in the NIH-CPSI score for pain domain 16 weeks 2.7 with pentosan polysulfate 300 mg three times daily 1.7 with placebo	P = 0.21		Not significant