Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Cataracts
RCT	416 people, 416 eyes with phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) Subgroup analysis	Development or progression of cataracts 96/209 (46%) with scleral buckling 160/207 (77%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas	Treatment difference 31.4% 95% CI 22.5% to 40.2% P <0.0001 Results should be interpreted with caution (see further information on studies for full details)	Effect size not calculated	scleral buckling
RCT	416 people, 416 eyes with phakic RRD Subgroup analysis	Surgery to remove cataracts 43/209 (21%) with scleral buckling 120/207 (58%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas	Treatment difference 37.4% 95% CI 28.7% to 46.1% Results should be interpreted with caution (see further information on studies for full details)	Effect size not calculated	scleral buckling
RCT	61 people, 61 eyes, with phakic RRD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or above.	Development of cataract 0/31 (0%) with scleral buckling 5/30 (17%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of long-acting gas plus 360 laser to peripheral retina	P = 0.018	Effect size not calculated	scleral buckling
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy
RCT	416 people, 416 eyes with phakic RRD Subgroup analysis	PVR 26/209 (12%) with scleral buckling 34/207 (16%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas	P = 0.2812 Results should be interpreted with caution (see further information on studies for full details)		Not significant
RCT	46 people aged 50 years and older, 46 eyes with phakic RRD involving the macula with recent posterior vitreous detachment and equatorial tears	PVR 1/23 (4%) with scleral buckling 2/23 (9%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas combined with phacoemulsification surgery	Significance not assessed
Intraocular pressure
RCT	46 people aged 50 years and older, 46 eyes with phakic RRD involving the macula with recent posterior vitreous detachment and equatorial tears	Elevation of intraocular pressure (>30 mmHg) 3/23 (13%) with scleral buckling 4/23 (17%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas combined with phacoemulsification surgery	Significance not assessed
RCT	61 people, 61 eyes, with phakic RRD without PVR of grade C or above	Elevated of intraocular pressure 2/31 (6.5%) with scleral buckling 2/30 (6.7%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of long-acting gas plus 360 laser to peripheral retina	Significance not assessed
Other adverse effects
RCT	416 people, 416 eyes with phakic RRD Subgroup analysis	Retinal re-detachment 1 year 55/209 (26%) with scleral buckling 52/207 (25%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas	Significance not assessed Results should be interpreted with caution (see further information on studies for full details)
RCT	46 people aged 50 years and older, 46 eyes with phakic RRD involving the macula with recent posterior vitreous detachment and equatorial tears	Macular pucker 4/23 (17%) with scleral buckling 0/23 (0%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of short-acting gas combined with phacoemulsification surgery	Significance not assessed
RCT	61 people, 61 eyes, with phakic RRD without PVR of grade C or above	Epiretinal membrane 1/31 (3.2%) with scleral buckling 1/30 (3.3%) with pars plana vitrectomy with infusion of long-acting gas plus 360 laser to peripheral retina	Significance not assessed