Table 3. Acoustic characteristics of the statements and questions and their final syllables.
Sentence type | Sentence | Final syllable | |||||||||
Mean F0 | Duration | Mean Intensity | Pitch Range | Mean F0 | Duration | Mean Intensity | Glide Size | Glide Time | Glide Rate | ||
Statement (n = 20) | μ | 92.88 | 0.86 | 78.98 | 11.35 | 91.20 | 0.13 | 75.90 | 6.82 | 0.10 | −61.19 |
σ | 2.17 | 0.22 | 3.44 | 7.27 | 4.61 | 0.04 | 6.89 | 7.20 | 0.05 | 84.70 | |
Question (n = 20) | μ | 93.66 | 0.89 | 80.09 | 7.75 | 92.50 | 0.19 | 77.68 | 3.59 | 0.12 | −22.78 |
σ | 1.37 | 0.22 | 2.42 | 3.94 | 2.45 | 0.04 | 5.06 | 4.38 | 0.04 | 37.15 | |
t-test | t | −2.22 | −1.70 | −2.86 | 2.46 | −1.80 | −5.89 | −2.50 | 2.54 | −1.65 | −2.41 |
p | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.09 | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
Mean F0 (in st) is the average fundamental frequency of the sentence (or the final syllable); duration (in s) is the length of the sentence (or the final syllable); mean intensity (in dB) is the mean-energy intensity of the sentence (or the final syllable); pitch range (in st) is defined as the difference in fundamental frequency between maximum and minimum F0 of the sentence; glide size (in st) is the pitch excursion size of the final syllable ( = maximum F0−minimum F0); glide time (in s) is the duration between maximum and minimum F0 of the final syllable; glide rate (in st/s) = glide size/glide time; μ = mean; σ = standard deviation; t is the statistic of the paired t-test (two-tailed, df = 19).