Table 3.

Analyses of Clustering in Free Recall

	Number of categories accessed		Items per category
Age group	Words	Pictures	Words	Pictures
Middle-age
Control task	3.54	3.83	2.32	2.60
Semantic orienting task	3.50	3.92	2.40	2.91
Older
Control task	3.28	3.62	2.18	2.33
Semantic orienting task	3.43	3.91	2.16	2.55
Oldest-old
Control task	2.50	2.92	1.46	1.88
Semantic orienting task	2.46	3.17	1.65	2.39

Note: Stimulus lists were comprised of 4 taxonomic categories with 4 exemplars per category.