Effects of pre-incubation of NMS with anti-complement antibodies on the number of Annexin V positive cells in Chandler- (A) and 22L-infected N2a cells (B). NMS were incubated with anti-C1q, C3 and/or C9 goat serum for 3 h at 4 °C. Then Chandler- or 22L-infected cells were treated with the NMS. For the control, NMS were treated with normal goat serum (NGS) or anti-mouse IgG goat serum (IgG). The graphs show the means of the proportions of Annexin V positive cells in three fields. The error bars show SD. *p<0.01 vs NGS or IgG-treated NMS (Student’s t test). The results are representative of 3 independent experiments. (C) MAC formation on Chandler- and 22L-infected N2a cells after NMS treatment. The cells were treated with NMS for 6, 12 and 24 h, fixed and subjected to immunocytochemistry for MAC. Red, MAC. Blue, DAPI. Bars show 10 µm.