Table 2 . Computational benchmarks for a simulated GWAS of 1000 European individuals imputed from reference panels with 10,000 SNPs.

Method	khap	Reference Panel	Running Time (minutes)	RAM (GB)
IMPUTE2	500	Europeana	90	0.26
	500	Cosmopolitanb	127	0.60
	1000	European	157	0.30
	4800	Cosmopolitan	603	0.74
Beagle	—	European	655	5.2
	—	Cosmopolitan	5904	15.2

^aThe European panel contains 1000 haplotypes.

^bThe Cosmopolitan panel contains 4800 haplotypes with ancestry from Africa, Asia, and Europe.