Table 5.
Multilevel logistic analysis for self-reported health (odds ratios and 95% confidence interval in parentheses; n = 4,730)
| Fixed effects | Self-rated health (good/very good health) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Individual level variables | |||
| Age | 0.98 (0.97-0.99)* | 0.98 (0.97-0.99)* | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.73 (1.41-2.11)*** | 1.79 (1.34-2.38)*** | 1.80 (1.35-2.41)*** |
| Social class | |||
| High | 1.72 (1.41-2.11)*** | 1.61 (1.23-2.09)*** | 1.60 (1.23-2.08)*** |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 0.62 (0.49-0.79)*** | 0.76 (0.55-1.05) | 0.76 (0.55-1.05) |
| Educational attainment | |||
| College or University equivalent degree | 0.28 (0.21-0.37)*** | 0.30 (0.23-0.41)*** | 0.27 (0.21-0.36)*** |
| Graduate school | 0.60 (0.43-0.83)** | 0.60 (0.43-0.84)** | 0.53 (0.38-0.73)*** |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 0.27 (0.20-0.36)*** | 0.27 (0.20-0.36)*** | 0.23 (0.17-0.30)*** |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 0.02 (0.01-0.03)*** | 0.02 (0.01-0.03)*** | 0.01 (0.01-0.02)*** |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 0.64 (0.47-0.89)** | 0.63 (0.46-0.87)** | 0.63 (0.46-0.87)** |
| Drinking | |||
| Medium | 1.59 (1.27-1.99)*** | 1.49 (1.19-1.86)*** | 1.39 (1.11-1.73)** |
| Heavy | 0.43 (0.24-0.75)** | 0.38 (0.25-0.57)*** | 0.40 (0.27-0.58)*** |
| Network source | 1.18 (1.06-1.31)** | 1.16 (1.05-1.30)** | 1.23 (1.11-1.37)*** |
| Organizational participation | |||
| High | 2.03 (1.58-2.60)*** | 2.11 (1.67-2.68)*** | 2.55 (2.11-3.08)*** |
| Area-level variables | |||
| Concentrated disadvantage | 0.90 (0.51, 1.57) | 0.90 (0.58-1.38) | |
| Organizational participation | 0.58 (0.30-1.14) | 0.67 (0.43-1.02) | |
| Cross-level interactions | |||
| Individual×area organizational participation | 0.40 (0.32-0.50)*** | ||
| Random effects | |||
| Level2: Between-area variation (se) | 0.174 (0.049)*** | 0.146 (0.039)*** | 0.154 (0.044)*** |
| Intra-class correlation | 0.050 | 0.042 | 0.044 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
All models adjusted for a dummy variable whether the respondents surveyed through a quota sampling, the within-area percentages of respondents surveyed through a quota sampling, and the response rates of area.