TABLE 2.

Characteristics of women and men during a 48-h fast

	Women (n = 9)			Men (n = 9)
	Time Fasted						P Value
Parameter	4 hr	24 h	48 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	Sex	Time	Sex × Time
Plasma cholesterol (mg/dl)	145	158	176	155	177	166	0.460	0.002	0.438
	(144–186)	(150–203)	(154–195)	(135–184)	(154–184)	(161–193)
Plasma triglycerides (mg/dl)	110	85	75	115	100	75	0.514	<0.001	0.023
	(80–180)	(65–135)	(75–110)	(95–230)	(80–105)	(65–85)
Plasma free FA (mmol/l)	0.58	0.71	0.94	0.41	0.56	0.71	0.007	<0.001	0.006
	(0.51–0.61)	(0.65–0.78)	(0.87–0.98)	(0.35–0.52)	(0.30–0.65)	(0.47–0.86)
Plasma ketones (mmol/l)	0.05	0.33	1.22	0.09	0.41	1.94	0.647	<0.001	0.620
	(0.04–0.08)	(0.21–0.57)	(1.11–1.56)	(0.07–0.11)	(0.29–0.45)	(1.42–2.13)
Plasma lactate (mmol/l)	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.612	<0.001	0.502
	(0.8–1.1)	(0.6–0.8)	(0.8–1.0)	(0.9–0.9)	(0.7–0.7)	(0.8–1.0)
Plasma glucose (mg/dl)	90	87	79	88	90	73	0.393	<0.001	0.972
	(85–96)	(78–90)	(67–84)	(87–95)	(88–93)	(71–79)
Plasma insulin (μU/ml)	16	5	3	10	2	1	0.422	<0.001	0.592
	(5–20)	(2–5)	(2–4)	(7–19)	(2–3)	(1–2)
Plasma leptin (ng/ml)	19.3	14.6	3.8	5.9	3.1	1.8	0.036	<0.001	0.194
	(7.8–57.9)	(4.9–27.5)	(2.5–9.1)	(3.4–6.2)	(2.8–4.0)	(1.6–2.0)
Plasma adiponectin (ng/ml)	15.9	15.2	13.8	14.1	13.1	13.0	0.927	<0.001	0.139
	(10.5–20.4)	(9.2–17.3)	(8.1–17.0)	(9.7–20.0)	(9.8–18.8)	(8.5–17.3)
Plasma AST (U/l)	21	19	20	21	20	21	0.742	0.637	0.162
	(18–25)	(16–26)	(16–22)	(18–21)	(18–24)	(17–24)
Plasma ALT (U/l)	16	16	15	21	22	20	0.387	0.723	0.868
	(12–20)	(10–20)	(10–20)	(14–24)	(15–22)	(16–24)

Values are median with interquartile range. Data for the entire 48-h period were analyzed by 2-factor repeated-measures ANOVA. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. Conversions: total cholesterol and VLDL-TG (mg/dl) × 0.02586 = mmol/l; glucose (mg/dl) × 0.05551 = mmol/l.