Table 3. Adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality by self-rated health category and sex, n = 7,959, 5 Swiss towns, 1977–79, ≥16 years at baseline.
| Model 1“Basic” | Model 2“Socio-demo-graphic” | Model 3“Life-style” | Model 4“Medical history” | Model 5“Clinical” | |||
| HR | (95% CI) | HR | HR | HR | HR | (95% CI) | |
| Men (n = 3,662; 1,218 deaths) | |||||||
| Excellent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Good | 1.14 | (0.98–1.32) | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.07 | (0.92–1.24) |
| Fair | 1.61 | (1.36–1.91) | 1.54 | 1.51 | 1.42 | 1.41 | (1.18–1.68) |
| Poor | 1.91 | (1.38–2.66) | 1.90 | 1.78 | 1.65 | 1.61 | (1.15–2.25) |
| Very poor | 3.32 | (1.47–7.46) | 3.10 | 2.94 | 2.58 | 2.85 | (1.25–6.51) |
| I don't know | 2.38 | (1.55–3.65) | 2.34 | 2.09 | 2.04 | 1.87 | (1.21–2.88) |
| Covariates | |||||||
| Age (per 1 additional year)* | 1.09 | (1.09–1.10) | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | (1.09–1.10) |
| Upper educational level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Intermediate educational level | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.15 | (0.97–1.36) | ||
| Lower educational level | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.27 | (1.06–1.50) | ||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Widowed | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.21 | (0.91–1.62) | ||
| Divorced or separated | 1.46 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.41 | (1.04–1.90) | ||
| Single | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.47 | (1.21–1.77) | ||
| Never smokers | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Former smokers | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.10 | (0.93–1.30) | |||
| Current light smokers (<20 cig./d) | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.23 | (1.05–1.44) | |||
| Current heavy smokers (≥20 cig./d) | 1.75 | 1.76 | 1.76 | (1.51–2.06) | |||
| No mention of medical history or medication | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Any mention of medical history or medication | 1.19 | 1.15 | (1.00–1.32) | ||||
| Blood pressure (per 1 additional mmHg)* | 1.01 | (1.01–1.01) | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose (per 1 additional mmol/l)* | 1.04 | (1.00–1.07) | |||||
| Women (n = 4,297; 1,188 deaths) | |||||||
| Excellent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Good | 1.31 | (1.09–1.57) | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.23 | 1.22 | (1.01–1.46) |
| Fair | 1.62 | (1.33–1.97) | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.42 | 1.39 | (1.14–1.70) |
| Poor | 1.89 | (1.38–2.58) | 1.87 | 1.74 | 1.49 | 1.49 | (1.07–2.06) |
| Very poor | 1.71 | (0.24–12.26) | 1.78 | 1.56 | 1.23 | 1.30 | (0.18–9.35) |
| I don't know | 1.44 | (1.00–2.07) | 1.43 | 1.42 | 1.32 | 1.26 | (0.87–1.83) |
| Covariates | |||||||
| Age (per 1 additional year)* | 1.11 | (1.11–1.12) | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | (1.10–1.11) |
| Upper educational level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Intermediate educational level | 1.01 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.02 | (0.83–1.26) | ||
| Lower educational level | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.19 | (0.97–1.45) | ||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Widowed | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | (0.63–1.09) | ||
| Divorced or separated | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.08 | (0.92–1.26) | ||
| Single | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.33 | (1.13–1.56) | ||
| Never smokers | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Former smokers | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.12 | (0.86–1.46) | |||
| Current light smokers (<20 cig./d) | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.18 | (0.99–1.40) | |||
| Current heavy smokers (≥20 cig./d) | 2.03 | 2.06 | 2.11 | (1.63–2.73) | |||
| No mention of medical history or medication | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Any mention of medical history or medication | 1.27 | 1.27 | (1.12–1.44) | ||||
| Blood pressure (per 1 additional mmHg)* | 1.01 | (1.00–1.01) | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose (per 1 additional mmol/l)* | 1.08 | (1.04–1.13) | |||||
*continuous variable.
Model 1 (basic): age; Model 2 (socio-demographic): basic model + education, marital status; Model 3 (lifestyle): socio-demographic model + smoking status; Model 4 (medical history): lifestyle model + disease and medication status; Model 5 (clinical): medical history model + fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure.
95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) of all models (including Model 2–4) are given in Table S2 (Supporting Information).