Table 1.
Chemokines, receptors, and their implications in CNS disease
| Chemokine | Receptor | Source (NVU) | CNS disease implications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immature DCs | |||
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | CCR2, CCR4 | Astrocytes (Conant et al. 1998); MVECs (Chui and Dorovini-Zis 2010); Microglia (Zhou et al. 2008) | MS (Dos Santos et al. 2008); NeuroAIDS (Eugenin et al. 2006); Brain injury (Glabinski et al. 1996); Alzheimer's disease (Jaeger et al. 2009); Parkinson's (Reale et al. 2009); Bacterial meningitis (Pashenkov et al. 2002); LCMV (Zhou et al. 2008); HSV-1 encephalitis (Vilela et al. 2009) |
| MIP-1α (CCL3) | CCR1, CCR5 | Astrocytes (Ambrosini et al. 2005); Neurons (Xia et al. 1998) | Viral infection (Ireland and Reiss 2006); MS (Simpson et al. 1998); HSV-1 encephalitis (Vilela et al. 2009); Alzheimer's (Smits et al. 2002); Ischemic stroke (Kim et al. 1995); Bacterial meningitis (Diab et al. 1999) |
| RANTES (CCL5) | CCR1, CCR3, CCR5 | Astrocytes (Ambrosini et al. 2005); Neurons (Ovanesov et al. 2008); MVECs (Shukaliak and Dorovini-Zis 2000) | Viral infection (Chen et al. 2011); MS (Boven et al. 2000); SCI (Lin et al. 2011); NeuroAIDS (Vago et al. 2001); HSV-1 encephalitis (Vilela et al. 2009); Alzheimer's (Tripathy et al. 2010) |
| MIP-1β (CCL4) | CCR5 | Astrocytes (Ambrosini et al. 2005); MVECs (Shukaliak and Dorovini-Zis 2000) | Viral infection (Ireland and Reiss 2006); Alzheimer's (Smits et al. 2002); Axonal injury (Babcock et al. 2003); MS (Boven et al. 2000); Ischemic stroke (Gourmala et al. 1999); Alzheimer's disease (Xia et al. 1998) |
| MIP-3α (CCL20) | CCR6 | Astrocytes (Ambrosini et al. 2003) | MS (Ambrosini et al. 2003); Ischemic stroke (Terao et al. 2009); Bacterial infection (McKimmie and Graham 2010) |
| SDF-1 (CXCL12) | CXCR4, CXCR7 | Astrocytes (Ambrosini et al. 2005); Pericytes (Seo et al. 2009); MVECs (Liu and Dorovini-Zis 2009) | Ischemic stroke (Hill et al. 2004); MS (Cruz-Orengo et al. 2011); Lymphoma (Venetz et al. 2010); Bacterial meningitis (Pashenkov et al. 2002); Brain tumor (Li and Ransohoff 2009) |
| Mature DCs | |||
| MIP-3β (CCL19) | CCR7, CXCR3 | Astrocytes (Columba-Cabezas et al. 2003) | MS (Alt et al. 2002; Krumbholz et al. 2007) |
| 6Ckine (CCL21) | CCR7, CXCR3 | Neurons (Biber et al. 2001); MVECs (Columba-Cabezas et al. 2003) | MS (Alt et al. 2002); Ischemic stroke (Biber et al. 2001) |