Figure 2. The effect of a low protein maternal diet on markers of angiogenesis and apoptosis in the fetal kidney.

Data are mean ± SEM where appropriate for: A, immunohistochemical staining of TUNEL +ve cells (representative micrograph from LPE group, black arrows indicate apoptotic cells); B, quantification of apoptotic data (CP, n = 8 (4 males, 4 females); LP, n = 10 (4 males, 6 females)); C, quantification of VEGFA protein abundance (CP, n = 8 (4 males, 4 females); LP, n = 10 (4 males, 6 females)); D, immunohistochemical staining of VEGFA protein abundance (representative micrograph from nephrogenic zone of LPE group, arrows indicate +ve staining); E–J, quantification of transcript expression (CP, n = 8 (4 males, 4 females); LP, n = 10 (4 males, 6 females)). Data were analysed using General Linear Model without or with log₁₀ transformation (% apoptotic cells) for the fixed effects of treatment, gender and their interaction (Genstat v13, VSNi, UK). Log transformed data are presented as back-transformed means. Scale bars in A and D, 100 μm.