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Mean (bar, SEM) (A) fecal production (g), (B) total fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM; ng), and (C) nanograms FCM per gram of feces in mice that underwent isoflurane anesthesia alone (Ane) or with vasectomy (Op). Days –3,–2, and –1 are before surgery; days 1, 2, and 3 are after surgery. Values that differed significantly between days (#, P < 0.05; +, P < 0.001) or groups (*, P < 0.05; ×, P < 0.001) are indicated.
