Table 1.

Characteristics of models of pancreatitis induced by Na-TC in different species

Dose	Species	Effect	Reference(s)
10%, 1.0 ml/kg	Dog	Significantly increased serum and ascites amylase, lipase levels; pancreatic parenchymal oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis; other organ injury: N/A	64
5%, 1.0 ml/kg	Rabbit	Pancreatic oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, haemorrhage and fat necrosis; other organ injury: N/A	62
20%, 1.0 ml/kg	Pig	Significantly increased serum lipase level, WBC counts and neutrophils; significantly decreased mean blood pressure, serum lymphocytes and platelets; pancreatic oedema, haemorrhage, necrosis and accumulation of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages; other organ injury: N/A	66
5%, 0.5 ml/kg plus 5% trypsin	Pig	Significantly increased serum amylase and WBC counts; focal liquefactive necrosis in most of the pancreas, with neutrophil infiltration; other organ injury: N/A	63
3–5%, 1.0 mg/kg	Rat	Significantly increased serum amylase, lipase and proinflammatory cytokine levels; pancreatic oedema, vacuolization, inflammation, haemorrhage, acinar cell and fat necrosis; lung, liver, gastric, kidney and brain injuries	67–72,74,123–125
2%, 50 µl	Mouse	Increased serum amylase and IL-6; transient increase of intrapancreatic trypsin activity; pancreatic oedema, leukocyte infiltration and necrosis; no mortality	82
4%, 5%, 2.0 ml/kg	Mouse	Increased serum amylase, lipase and IL-6; decreased serum IL-12; pancreatic oedema, leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, haemorrhage and fat necrosis; increased pulmonary BAL fluid albumin and MPO activity; 10% and 60% mortality rates at 24 h for 4% and 5% Na-TC, respectively	85

Na-TC, sodium taurocholate; WBC, white blood cell; IL, interleukin; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; MPO, myeloperoxidase; N/A, not applicable.