Table 2.
Associations Between Perceptions of Food Environment and Reported Self-Efficacy to Consume Fruits and Vegetables (F/V) Among US Adults, 2007 Food Attitudes and Behaviors Surveya , b
| Variable | Self-Efficacy to Consume F/V, OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Hard to purchase F/V in my neighborhood | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 0.97 (0.73-1.29) | .85 |
| Agree | 1.15 (0.86-1.53) | .34 |
| Easy to get F/V when I eat out | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 1.02 (0.81-1.29) | .88 |
| Agree | 1.56 (1.24-1.97) | <.001 |
| Fast food places offer enough choices of F/V on their menu | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 0.89 (0.70-1.12) | .30 |
| Agree | 0.85 (0.65-1.12) | .26 |
| Other restaurants (non–fast food) offer enough choices of F/V on their menu | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 0.73 (0.57-0.94) | .01 |
| Agree | 0.76 (0.61-0.97) | .02 |
| Restaurants I go to don't serve fruit | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 0.79 (0.61-1.01) | .06 |
| Agree | 0.65 (0.50-0.86) | <.001 |
| Restaurants I go to don't serve vegetables | ||
| Disagree | 1 [Reference] | |
| Neutral | 0.90 (0.68-1.19) | 0.45 |
| Agree | 1.04 (0.70-1.56) | 0.83 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | |
| Female | 1.35 (1.14-1.61) | <.001 |
| Age, y | ||
| 18-34 | 1 [Reference] | |
| 35-54 | 0.92 (0.74-1.13) | 0.41 |
| 55 or older | 1.29 (1.04-1.62) | 0.02 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.58 (1.30-1.93) | <.001 |
| Income, $ | ||
| <25,000 | 1 [Reference] | |
| 25,000-49,999 | 1.10 (0.85-1.41) | 0.47 |
| 50,000-74,999 | 1.24 (0.95-1.63) | 0.12 |
| ≥75,000 | 1.50 (1.17-1.92) | <.001 |
| Geographic region of residence | ||
| Northeast | 1 [Reference] | |
| Midwest | 0.99 (0.76-1.28) | 0.92 |
| South | 1.13 (0.89-1.43) | 0.32 |
| West | 0.99 (0.75-1.31) | 0.96 |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Sampling weights, poststratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age, education level, and annual household income, using 2000 US Census estimates, were applied to the regression model.
b
The 6 items that measured perceptions of the neighborhood and restaurant food environment were kept in the same regression model because a factor analysis showed that the items operated independently of each other (Cronbach α = 0.28; variance inflation factor, 1.1-1.6; tolerance, 0.6-0.9).