Table II.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of baseline study cohort by incident dementia
| No Dementiaa n = 581 |
Dementiaa n = 58 |
Univariate Hazard (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Hearing loss, mean (SD), PTAb | 18.8 (13.9) | 32.6 (17.0) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07) c |
| Hearing lossd | |||
| Normal | 435 (75) | 20 (34) | 1 |
| Mild | 104 (18) | 21 (36) | 4.9 (2.6, 8.8) |
| Moderate | 38 (7) | 15 (26) | 12.1 (6.2, 23.9) |
| Severe | 4 (1) | 2 (3) | 21.9 (5.1, 94.2) |
| Male sex | 327 (56) | 33 (57) | 1.09 (0.65, 1.82) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 62.2 (12.3) | 78.3 (6.4) | 1.20 (1.15, 1.24) |
| Race | |||
| White | 523 (90) | 57 (98) | 1 |
| Black | 51 (9) | 1 (2) | 0.17 (.02, 1.25) |
| Other | 7 (1) | 0 (0) | -- |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 16.5 (3.0) | 16.6 (3.0) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) |
| Diabetes | 84 (14) | 11 (19) | 1.57 (0.87, 3.01) |
| Smoking | |||
| Current | 20 (3) | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Former | 333 (57) | 34 (59) | 2.33 (0.32, 17.0) |
| Never | 228 (39) | 23 (40) | 2.07 (0.28, 15.3) |
| Hypertension | 286 (49) | 41 (71) | 2.92 (1.66, 5.15) |
| Hearing aid usee | 47 (9) | 16 (30) | 5.3 (2.9, 9.6) |
| Blessed Information-Memory Concentration test |
|||
| 0 | 338 (58) | 23 (40) | 1 |
| 1 | 140 (24) | 19 (33) | 2.12 (1.15, 3.89) |
| 2 | 64 (11) | 13 (22) | 2.84 (1.44, 5.61) |
| 3 | 39 (7) | 3 (5) | 1.23 (0.37, 4.08) |
a
Values are expressed as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
b
Pure tone average (PTA) of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz with tones presented by air-conduction to the better hearing ear
c
Hazard per 1 dB of PTA.
d
Normal (PTA < 25dB), Mild (25-40 dB), Moderate (41-70 dB), and Severe (>70 dB).
e
Data on hearing aid use were missing for 72 subjects. Subjects with hearing aid use data per dementia category were no dementia (n = 514) and dementia (n = 53).