Table 3.
—Independent Risk Factors for Bleeding in 10,866 Hospitalized Medical Patient10
| Risk Factora | Total Patients, No. (%) (N = 10,866) | OR (95% CI) |
| Active gastroduodenal ulcer |
236 (2.2) |
4.15 (2.21-7.77) |
| Bleeding in 3 mo before admission |
231 (2.2) |
3.64 (2.21-5.99) |
| Platelet count < 50 × 109/L |
179 (1.7) |
3.37 (1.84-6.18) |
| Age ≥ 85 y (vs < 40 y) |
1,178 (10.8) |
2.96 (1.43-6.15) |
| Hepatic failure (INR > 1.5) |
219 (2.0) |
2.18 (1.10-4.33) |
| Severe renal failure (GFR < 30 mL/min/m2) |
1,084 (11.0) |
2.14 (1.44-3.20) |
| ICU or CCU admission |
923 (8.5) |
2.10 (1.42-3.10) |
| Central venous catheter |
820 (7.5) |
1.85 (1.18-2.90) |
| Rheumatic disease |
740 (6.8) |
1.78 (1.09-2.89) |
| Current cancer |
1,166 (10.7) |
1.78 (1.20-2.63) |
| Male sex | 5,367 (49.4) | 1.48 (1.10-1.99) |
Data shown were obtained by multiple logistic regression analysis for characteristics at admission independently associated with in-hospital bleeding (major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding combined). GFR = glomerular filtration rate; INR = international normalized ratio.
a
Although not specifically studied in medical patients, one would also expect dual antiplatelet therapy to increase the risk of bleeding.