Table 6.

—[Section 3.6] Patient Self-Testing/Self-Monitoring Compared With Usual Laboratory-Based Monitoring for VKA Therapy Management⁷²

Outcomes	No. of Participants (Studies), Follow-up	Quality of the Evidence (GRADE)	Relative Effect (95% CI)	Anticipated Absolute Effectsa
				Risk With Usual Laboratory-Based Monitoring	Risk Difference With Patient Self-Testing/Patient Self-Monitoring (95% CI)
Thromboembolism various methodsb	6,417 (11 studies), 3-36 mo	Lowc,d due to risk of bias, inconsistency	OR 0.51 (0.31-0.85)	48 per 1,000	23 fewer per 1,000 (from 7 fewer to 33 fewer)
Major bleeding various definitionsb	6,417 (11 studies), 3-36 mo	Moderatec due to risk of bias	OR 0.88 (0.74-1.06)	77 per 1,000	9 fewer per 1,000 (from 20 fewer to 4 more)
Mortality all-cause mortality	6,417 (11 studies), 3-36 mo	Moderatec due to risk of bias	OR 0.82 (0.62-1.09)	87 per 1,000	15 fewer per 1,000 (from 32 fewer to 7 more)

See Table 1-3 legends for expansion of abbreviations.

^aTime frame in months.

^bDefined by individual studies.

^cFlaws in study design, most commonly lack of blinding.

^dSignificant heterogeneity in pooled analysis (I² = 52.6%).