Table 16.

—[Section 9.1] Vitamin K vs Only Withholding VKA for Patients Taking Warfarin With an Elevated INR (4.5-10) Without Evidence of Bleeding^{a,168,169,172,173}

Outcomes	No. of Participants (studies), Follow-up	Quality of the Evidence (GRADE)	Relative Effect (95% CI)	Anticipated Absolute Effectsa
				Risk With Only Holding VKA	Risk Difference With Vitamin K (95% CI)
Major bleeding	923 (4 studiesb), 1-3 moc	Moderated,e due to imprecision	OR 2.6 (0.8-9.8)	8 per 1,000	13 more per 1,000 (from 2 fewer to 69 more)
Thromboembolism	864 (3 studiesf), 1-3 moc	Moderated,e due to imprecision	OR 1.3 (0.3-6.6)	9 per 1,000	3 more per 1,000 (from 6 fewer to 48 more)
Mortality all-cause mortality	863 (3 studiesf), 1-3 moc	Moderated,e due to imprecision	OR 1.3 (0.6-2.9)	29 per 1,000	9 more per 1,000 (from 12 fewer to 51 more)

See Table 1 and 2 legends for expansion of other abbreviations. See Table 1 through 3 legends for expansion of other abbreviations.

^aTime frame is days.

INR 6.0-12.0 in Ageno et al.¹⁷³

^bNone of the studies specified whether any bleeding events were fatal or intracranial.

^cFollow-up was 3 mo in both studies by Crowther et al.^168,169

^dTwo small studies, Ageno et al¹⁷² and Ageno et al,¹⁷³ were open label.

^eWide CIs encompass both benefit and significant harm.

^fAgeno et al¹⁷³ did not report thromboembolism, and Ageno et al¹⁷² did not report deaths.