. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 13.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Mar;11(3):176–186. doi: 10.1038/nri2935

Table 1.

DC subsets and their role in HIV infection

Subset	Conventional DC (cDC) (HLA-DR+, CD11c+)					Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) (HLA-DR+, CD123+)	References
	Langerhans Cells	Dermal DCs		Blood DCs			2, 7, 9, 10, 15, 27
	Langerhans Cells	CD103−	CD103+	BDCA-3−	BDCA-3+
Location	Epidermis, gut lumen	Dermis	Dermis	Blood, Secondary Lymphoid organs	Blood	Blood Secondary Lymphoid Organs Peripheral tissue (skin, lung, etc.)
C-type lectin expression	Langerin	DC-SIGN, DEC-205	Langerin, DEC-205	DEC-205, DCIR	CLEC9A	BDCA-2, BDCA-4
Role in HIV infection	Internalize HIV into degradative Birbeck granules	Bind to HIV and and transmit virus to T cells in draining LNs	??	??	??	Type I IFN production that both inhibits viral replication and induces bystander T cell death; Induce Tregs via HIV-induced IDO expression; Recruit T cells to sites of HIV infection (facilitate viral spread) via chemokines such as RANTES	9, 10, 43, 45, 53
TLR expression	TLR2,3,5^*	TLR2,3,4,5^*	TLR2,3,4,5^*	TLR2,3,4,7,8	TLR2,3,8	TLR7,9	2, 15, 27, and below
Cytokine production	IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β					IFNα, IFNβ, IL-6, TNFα	2, 4, 5, 6
Function	Priming of antigen-specific CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells; NK cell activation via IL-12					Induction of Tregs; Induction of plasma cells NK cell activation via type I IFN	2, 4, 5, 6
Pathology during HIV infection	reduced frequency in peripheral blood conflicting reports of cDC functionality or dysfunction					reduced frequency in peripheral blood conflicting reports of pDC functionality or dysfunction	25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

confounding reports regarding TLR distribution on Langerhans cells and dermal DCs

→ Van der Aar et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178: 1986

Peiser et al. 2008. J. Leukoc. Bio. 83: 1118

Angel et al. 2007. Int. Immunol. 19: 1271

Flacher et al. 2006. J. Immunol. 177: 7859