TABLE 2.
Dietary PUFA intake and colorectal polyps stratified by sex
| Any adenomatous polyps |
Hyperplastic polyps only |
|||||||
| Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
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| Dietary intake | Cases/control subjects | OR (95% CI)1 | Cases/control subjects | OR (95% CI)2 | Cases/control subjects | OR (95% CI)1 | Cases/control subjects | OR (95% CI)2 |
| n | n | n | n | |||||
| Linoleic acid | ||||||||
| Q13: Men (range, 3.4–10.6 g/d; median, 8.3 g/d); women (range, 2.1–6.8 g/d; median, 5.6 g/d) | 246/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 92/291 | 1.00 (referent) | 75/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 42/291 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Q2: Men (range, 10.7–14.6 g/d; median, 12.7 g/d); women (range, 6.9–9.2 g/d; median, 8.1 g/d) | 209/343 | 0.91 (0.71, 1.18) | 86/290 | 0.95 (0.66, 1.37) | 66/343 | 0.99 (0.67, 1.46) | 37/290 | 0.82 (0.49, 1.36) |
| Q3: Men (range, 14.7–18.7 g/d; median, 16.5 g/d); women (range, 9.3–11.8 g/d; median, 10.4 g/d) | 204/343 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.14) | 74/290 | 0.84 (0.58, 1.24) | 65/343 | 1.01 (0.68, 1.50) | 33/290 | 0.73 (0.43, 1.24) |
| Q4: Men (range, 18.8–24.7 g/d; median, 21.0 g/d); women (range, 11.9–15.3 g/d; median, 13.2 g/d) | 222/343 | 0.90 (0.69, 1.16) | 105/290 | 1.14 (0.80, 1.64) | 74/343 | 1.10 (0.75, 1.63) | 32/290 | 0.66 (0.39, 1.14) |
| Q5: Men (range, 24.8–67.8 g/d; median, 30.4 g/d); women (range, 15.4–48.5 g/d; median, 18.6 g/d) | 260/343 | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 99/290 | 1.08 (0.75, 1.56) | 83/343 | 1.22 (0.83, 1.77) | 37/290 | 0.70 (0.42, 1.19) |
| P-trend | 0.69 | 0.45 | 0.81 | 0.16 | ||||
| Arachidonic acid | ||||||||
| Q1: Men (range, 0–0.053 g/d; median, 0.037 g/d); women (range, 0.0–0.037 g/d; median, 0.027 g/d) | 229/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 100/291 | 1.00 (referent) | 71/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 39/291 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Q2: Men (range, 0.054–0.079 g/d; median, 0.066 g/d); women (range, 0.038–0.056 g/d; median, 0.047 g/d) | 200/343 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.23) | 91/290 | 0.90 (0.64, 1.28) | 56/343 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.27) | 38/290 | 1.09 (0.65, 1.82) |
| Q3: Men: range, 0.080–0.109 g/d; median, 0.093 g/d); women (range, 0.057–0.077 g/d; median, 0.067 g/d) | 251/343 | 1.18 (0.91, 1.53) | 82/290 | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 92/343 | 1.30 (0.90, 1.89) | 25/290 | 0.73 (0.41, 1.28) |
| Q4: Men (range, 0.110–0.159 g/d; median, 0.131 g/d); women (range, 0.078–0.107 g/d; median, 0.090 g/d) | 223/343 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 94/290 | 0.94 (0.66, 1.34) | 72/343 | 1.01 (0.68, 1.49) | 44/290 | 1.32 (0.80, 2.19) |
| Q5: Men (range, 0.160–1.23 g/d; median, 0.214 g/d); women (range, 0.108–0.433 g/d; median, 0.139 g/d) | 238/343 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.22) | 89/290 | 0.83 (0.59, 1.18) | 72/343 | 0.92 (0.63, 1.35) | 35/290 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.64) |
| P-trend | 0.46 | 0.40 | 0.85 | 0.81 | ||||
| α-Linolenic acid | ||||||||
| Q1: Men (range, 0.3–0.9 g/d; median, 0.8 g/d); women (range, 0.1–0.5 g/d; median, 0.4 g/d) | 218/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 78/291 | 1.00 (referent) | 60/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 32/291 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Q2: Men (range, 1.0–1.2 g/d; median, 1.1 g/d); women (range, 0.6–0.7 g/d; median, 0.7 g/d) | 222/343 | 1.04 (0.81, 1.35) | 86/290 | 1.15 (0.79, 1.67) | 73/343 | 1.31 (0.88, 1.95) | 35/290 | 1.15 (0.67, 1.99) |
| Q3: Men (range, 1.3–1.6 g/d; median, 1.4 g/d); women (range, 0.8–0.9 g/d; median, 0.8 g/d) | 195/343 | 0.91 (0.70, 1.19) | 74/290 | 0.95 (0.64, 1.42) | 61/343 | 1.10 (0.73, 1.67) | 30/290 | 0.88 (0.49, 1.57) |
| Q4: Men (range, 1.7–2.1 g/d; median, 1.9 g/d); women (range, 0.9–1.2 g/d; median, 1.1 g/d) | 222/343 | 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) | 113/290 | 1.46 (1.00, 2.14) | 72/343 | 1.28 (0.85, 1.92) | 39/290 | 1.23 (0.70, 2.15) |
| Q5: Men (range, 2.2–6.7 g/d; median, 2.7 g/d); women (range, 1.3–4.6 g/d; median, 1.5 g/d) | 284/343 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | 105/290 | 1.34 (0.92, 1.96) | 97/343 | 1.51 (1.03, 2.21) | 45/290 | 1.24 (0.73, 2.11) |
| P-trend | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.57 | ||||
| Marine-derived n−3 PUFAs4 | ||||||||
| Q1: Men (range, 0.00–0.042 g/d; median, 0.022 g/d); women (range, 0.0–0.023 g/d; median, 0.012 g/d) | 268/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 106/291 | 1.00 (referent) | 83/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 38/291 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Q2: Men (range, 0.043–0.082 g/d; median, 0.063 g/d); women (range, 0.024–0.051 g/d; median, 0.037 g/d) | 217/343 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | 96/290 | 1.01 (0.71, 1.43) | 86/343 | 1.29 (0.89, 1.87) | 34/290 | 1.09 (0.63, 1.87) |
| Q3: Men (range, 0.083–0.140 g/d; median, 0.111 g/d); women (range, 0.052–0.087 g/d; median, 0.067 g/d) | 218/343 | 0.99 (0.76, 1.28) | 98/290 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 60/343 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.35) | 37/290 | 1.26 (0.74, 2.26) |
| Q4: Men (range, 0.141–0.246 g/d; median, 0.179 g/d); women (range, 0.088–0.140 g/d; median, 0.107 g/d) | 227/343 | 1.03 (0.80, 1.32) | 88/290 | 0.89 (0.62, 1.27) | 80/343 | 1.24 (0.86, 1.81) | 52/290 | 1.76 (1.06, 2.91) |
| Q5: Men (range, 0.247–3.883 g/d; median, 0.342 g/d); women (range, 0.141–1.01 g/d; median, 0.232 g/d) | 211/343 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | 68/290 | 0.67 (0.47, 0.97) | 54/343 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.24) | 20/290 | 0.68 (0.38, 1.23) |
| P-trend | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.27 | ||||
| Ratio of total n−6 to marine-derived n−3 PUFAs | ||||||||
| Q1: Men (range, 6–71; median, 50); women (range, 7–71; median, 49) | 199/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 95/291 | 1.00 (referent) | 60/343 | 1.00 (referent) | 32/291 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Q2: Men (range, 72–117; median, 92); women (range, 72–120; median, 93) | 215/343 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 85/290 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 65/343 | 1.12 (0.75, 1.68) | 44/290 | 1.34 (0.80, 1.25) |
| Q3: Men (range, 118–187; median, 142); women (range, 121–210; median, 158) | 232/343 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 65/290 | 0.74 (0.50, 1.09) | 70/343 | 1.18 (0.77, 1.78) | 34/290 | 0.86 (0.49, 1.53) |
| Q4: Men (range, 188–389; median, 256); women (range, 211–42; median, 289) | 226/343 | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | 94/290 | 1.09 (0.73, 1.63) | 72/343 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.75) | 33/290 | 0.84 (0.45, 1.56) |
| Q5: Men (range, 390–78,588; median, 713); women (range, 428–118,125; median, 848) | 269/343 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.34) | 117/290 | 1.30 (0.88, 1.92) | 96/343 | 1.38 (0.83, 2.28) | 38/290 | 0.81 (0.43, 1.54) |
| P-trend | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.79 | 0.27 | ||||
1
Adjusted for age, race, BMI, total energy intake, smoking status, alcohol use, study site, educational status, physical activity, family history of colorectal neoplasm, indication for colonoscopy, year of study, calcium intake, and aspirin use.
2
Adjusted for age, race, BMI, total energy intake, smoking status, alcohol use, study site, educational status, physical activity, family history of colorectal neoplasm, indication for colonoscopy, year of study, calcium intake, aspirin use, and hormone replacement therapy.
3
Q, quintile.
4
EPA + docosapentanoic acid + DHA.