Table 2.
Studies where direct competition of outcrossing and selfing morphs permitted estimates of pollen discounting
| Species | Trait(s) associated with selfing | Pollen discounting? (px– ps) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ipomoea purpurea | Flower colour (A-locus) | ∼0 | Fehr and Rausher, 2004; Coberly and Rausher, 2008 |
| Ipomoea purpurea | Flower colour (W-locus) | ∼0 | Rausher and Fry, 1993; Fry and Rausher, 1997 |
| Ipomoea purpurea | Anther-stigma distance | ∼0: when selfing rare | Chang and Rausher, 1998 |
| >0: when selfing common | |||
| Eichhornia paniculata | Modified stamen in M morph | ∼0: trimorphic populations | Kohn and Barrett, 1994 |
| <0: mono-, di-morphic populations | |||
| Mimulus guttatus and M. micranthus | Multiple morphological traits | >0 | Ritland, 1991 |
| Senecio squalidus | Radiate vs. non-radiate morph | >0 | Holsinger, 1992 |
| Arenaria uniflora | Multiple morphological traits | >0 | Fishman, 2000 |
In each study, the average outcross paternity of outcrossing (px) and selfing (ps) plants was inferred with polymorphic molecular markers.