Table 4.
Species where selfing is thought to have evolved recently from outcrossing, and where population-genetic data have been used to evaluate the mechanism of natural selection triggering the shift in mating system
| Selfing taxon | Timing of event(s) | Decline in Θ (4Neμ)* | Reject automatic selection? | Ecological correlation with selfing | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis lyrata | <10 ka | <50 % | No | None known | Hoebe et al., 2009; Foxe et al., 2010 |
| Capsella rubella | <20 ka | >99 % | Yes | Floral adaptations, weedy habit | Foxe et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2009 |
| Clarkia xantiana ssp. parviflora | <61 ka | ∼80 % | Yes | Floral adaptations, loss of pollinators | J. B. Pettengill and D. A. Moeller, University of Minnesota, USA, unpubl. res. |
| Eichhornia paniculata | <125 ka | ∼50 % | No | Floral adaptations, selfing in smaller populations | Ness et al., 2010 |
| Leavenworthia alabamica | <48 ka | ∼10 % | No | No known floral adaptations | Busch et al., 2011 |
| <150 ka | 100 % | Yes | Floral adaptations, selfing in smaller populations | Busch et al., 2011 |
* Θ, scaled population parameter; μ, mutation rate per site per generation.