(b) Fixed effects

	d.f.	F	P	d.f.	F	P
Site	3	7·41	0·0005	3	3·03	0·04
Cross-type	2	8·66	0·0009	2	2·95	0·05
Site × Cross-type	6	1·65	0·13	6	0·56	0·77

For details of cross-types see text. Sites are the four planting sites in native-home sites of LT and M13, native-novel site in CA, and non-native-novel site in MD. Block effects nested within site were accounted for as a random effect in both models. – indicates no variance associated with the factor in the model. d.f. for family was 19 per population. Sexual reproduction was log-transformed to meet the assumptions of the analysis. Test for the random effects was based on Chi-square, and for the fixed effects, F-test.