Table 4.
Univariate Analyses: Factors Associated with NASH among Latino and Non-Latino Whites testing for effect modification with Ethnicity
| Patient Characteristic | (N=903) OR (95% CI) | Univariate Regression p-value | p-value for Effect Modification of Ethnicity on Patient Characteristic ‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino White) | 1.05 (0.71–1.57) | 0.81 | - |
| Age (years) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 | 0.29 |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 1.71 (1.30–2.26) | <0.001 | 0.26 |
| Education level (>HS vs. ≤HS) | 0.74 (0.55–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.09 |
| Income (≥$50,000 vs. <$50,000) | 0.64 (0.49–0.85) | <0.01 | 0.50 |
| Family history of NAFLD | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) | 0.62 | 0.90 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 2.02 (1.52–2.68) | <0.0001 | 0.61 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.40 (1.00–1.97) | 0.05 | 0.25 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.80 (2.01–3.90) | <0.0001 | 0.35 |
| Anthropometrics, diet and physical activity | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.32 | 0.88 |
| Waist (cm) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.34 | 0.35 |
| Total caloric intake (×10−3) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.68 |
| % Calories from total fat | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.51 | 0.87 |
| % Calories from carbohydrates | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.14 | 0.77 |
| Physical activity (met hours/week) | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) | 0.94 | 0.85 |
| Clinical data | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.12 | 0.78 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.32 | 0.16 |
| Acanthosis nigricans | 0.94 (0.61–1.47) | 0.80 | 0.16 |
| Palmar Erythema | 1.18 (0.75–1.87) | 0.48 | 0.71 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| ALT (per 5 U/L) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | <0.01 | 0.95 |
| AST (per 5 U/L) | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) | <0.0001 | 0.88 |
| GGT (per 10 U/L) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.01 | 0.37 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.22 | 0.44 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.03 | 0.60 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (per 10 U/L) | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | <0.0001 | 0.18 |
| Platelets (per 1,0000 cells/μL) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | <0.0001 | 0.22 |
| Total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.94 | 0.04 |
| Triglycerides (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.01 | 0.42 |
| HDL (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 0.10 | 0.07 |
| LDL (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.24 | 0.21 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 1.61 (1.19–2.18) | <0.01 | 0.72 |
‡
p-value shown is for the interaction term from the regression model with the following terms: Predictor (X), Ethnicity and Ethnicity*Predictor (X). For the interaction terms, we considered p-values < 0.001 to be statistically significant.