Table 1. Characteristics of patients with syncope who visited the emergency department of the Klinikum Nürnberg*1.
| Variable/parameter | Total patients | With endpoint | Without endpoint | p = |
| Male sex, n (%) | 218 (49.6) | 49 (55.1) | 169 (48.2) | 0.25 |
| Age, in years*2 | 62 ± 20 | 71 ± 17 | 60 ± 20 | 0.001 |
| – over 70 years old, n (%)*2 | 191 (43.4) | 53 (59.6) | 138 (39.3) | 0.01 |
| – over 80 years old, n (%)*2 | 87 (19.8) | 28 (31.5) | 59 (16.8) | 0.01 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, n (%)*2 | 80 (18.2) | 23 (25.8) | 57 (16.2) | 0.03 |
| Arrhythmia, n (%)*2 | 51 (11.6) | 20 (22.5) | 31 (8.8) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure, n (%)*2 | 37 (8.4) | 20 (22.5) | 17 (4.8) | 0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, n (%)*2 | 22 (5) | 9 (10.1) | 13 (3.7) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)*2 | 80 (18.2) | 24 (27.0) | 56 (16.0) | 0.01 |
| High blood pressure, n (%)*2 | 186 (42.3) | 47 (52.8) | 139 (39.6) | 0.02 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 26 (5.9) | 6 (6.7) | 20 (5.7) | 0.79 |
| Lung disease, n (%) | 29 (6.6) | 10 (11.2) | 19 (5.4) | 0.06 |
| Tumor, n (%)*2 | 24 (5.5) | 11 (12.4) | 13 (3.7) | 0.01 |
| Renal dysfunction, n (%)*2 | 72 (16.4) | 22 (24.7) | 50 (14.3) | 0.03 |
| Liver dysfunction, n (%)*2 | 13 (3.0) | 6 (6.7) | 7 (2.0) | 0.03 |
| Vital parameters | ||||
| Respiratory rate, 1/min*2 | 17 ± 4 (16.6 – 17.4) | 18 ± 5 (17 – 19) | 16 ± 4 (15.6 – 16.4) | 0.02 |
| Heart rate, 1/min*2 | 78 ± 17 (76.4 – 79.6) | 83 ± 23 (78.2 – 87.8) | 75 ± 15 (73.4 – 76.6) | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg*2 | 134 ± 23 (131.9 – 136.1) | 129 ± 26 (123.6 – 134.4) | 136 ± 23 (133.6 – 138.4) | 0.01 |
| Oxygen saturation, %*2 | 97 ± 4 (96.6 – 97.4) | 96 ± 8 (94.3 – 97.7) | 98 ± 2 (97.8 – 98.2) | 0.001 |
| Temperature, °C*2 | 36.7 ± 0.7 (36.6 – 36.8) | 37.0 ± 1.1 (36.8 – 37.2) | 36.7 ± 0.5 (36.6 – 36.8) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Leukocytes, 103/µL*2 | 9.2 ± 5.4 (8.7 – 9.7) | 9.9 ± 4.4 (9 – 10.8) | 8.9 ± 5.6 (8.3 – 9.5) | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL*2 | 13.3 ± 2.0(13.1 – 13.5) | 12.5 ± 2.5 (12 – 13) | 13.5 ± 1.8 (13.3 – 13.7) | 0.001 |
| Sodium, mmol/L*2 | 137 ± 4(136.6 – 137.4) | 135 ± 5 (134 – 136) | 137 ± 4 (136.6 – 137.4) | 0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L*2 | 3.9 ± 0.5 (3.9 – 3.9) | 4.1 ± 0.7 (4 – 4.2) | 3.9 ± 0.5 (3.8 – 4) | 0.04 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL*2 | 1.1 ± 0.7 (1 – 1.2) | 1.3 ± 0.8 (1.1 – 1.5) | 1.0 ± 0.6 (0.9 – 1.1) | 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL*2 | 131 ± 46 (126.7 – 135.3) | 157 ± 72 (142 – 172) | 125 ± 36 (121.2 – 128.8) | 0.001 |
*1In addition to frequency, means, and standard deviations, vital and laboratory parameters are given with a 95% confidence interval.
*2These show p value of <0.05, indicating possible statistic significance between groups