Table 1.

Mammalian GRASPs and golgins and their interacting partners

Names	Features	GTPase	Interaction	Functions and references
GRASP65	N-myr		GM130, p24, CD8a,  Frizzled 4	Stacking (Barr et al. 1997; Kondylis et al. 2005; Tang et al. 2010;  Xiang and Wang 2010)
				Ribbon formation (Puthenveedu et al. 2006)
				Apoptosis (Lane et al. 2002)
				Cell cycle progression (Duran et al. 2008; Preisinger et al. 2005;  Sutterlin et al. 2005; Tang et al. 2010; Yoshimura et al. 2005)
				Mitotic spindle formation (Sutterlin et al. 2005)
				Unconventional secretion in Dictyostelium and yeast (Kinseth et al. 2007;  Manjithaya et al. 2010)
				Transport of specific cargo (D Angelo et al. 2009)
				p24 cargo receptor retention (Barr et al. 2001)
				Golgi and centrosome orientation (Bisel et al. 2008)
GRASP55	N-myr		Golgin-45, p24,  TGF-α, CD8a,  Frizzled 4	Stacking (Shorter et al. 1999; Xiang and Wang 2010)
				Ribbon formation (Feinstein and Linstedt 2008)
				Cell cycle control (Duran et al. 2008)
				Transport of specific cargo (D Angelo et al. 2009; Kuo et al. 2000)
				p24 cargo receptor retention (Barr et al. 2001)
GM130/golgin-95	P	Rab1, Rab2, Rab33b	p115, GRASP65  (Barr et al. 1998),  syntaxin 5, AKAP450,  Tuba	ER-to-Golgi traffic, COPII vesicle tethering (Alvarez et al. 2001;  Moyer et al. 2001)
				Golgi ribbon formation (Puthenveedu et al. 2006)
				Non-centrosomal microtubule organization (Rivero et al. 2009)
				Centrosome regulation (Kodani et al. 2009; Kodani and Sutterlin 2008)
				Apoptosis (Walker et al. 2004)
				Spindle formation (Kodani and Sutterlin 2008)
				Cell migration (Preisinger et al. 2004)
p115	P	Rab1	GM130, giantin,  syntaxin 5, GOS-28,  Bet1p	Membrane tethering (Alvarez et al. 2001; Nakamura et al. 1997;  Seemann et al. 2000b; Shorter et al. 2002; Shorter and Warren 1999)
				Post-mitotic Golgi reassembly (Sapperstein et al. 1995)
				Apoptosis (Chiu et al. 2002)
				Nuclear import (Mukherjee and Shields 2009)
Golgin-45	P	Rab2	GRASP55	Membrane tethering (Short et al. 2001)
Golgin-67/GM88	TMD*			Uncharacterized (Eystathioy et al. 2000; Jakymiw et al. 2000)
Golgin-84	TMD	Rab1	CASP, COG complex	Membrane tethering (Malsam et al. 2005)
				Golgi integrity (Diao et al. 2003; Satoh et al. 2003)
				Intra-Golgi retrograde transport (Sohda et al. 2010)
				Bacterial infection (Rejman Lipinski et al. 2009)
Golgin-97/GOLGA1	GRIP	ARL1/3 (Lu and Hong 2003)	FIP1/RCP	TGN-to-plasma membrane trafficking of E-cadherin (Lock et al. 2005)
				Endosome-to-TGN trafficking (Lu and Hong 2003; Lu et al. 2004)
				Retrograde transport from recycling endosomes to the TGN  (Jing et al. 2010)
				Poxvirus morphogenesis (Alzhanova and Hruby 2007)
Golgin-160/  mea-2/GCP170	P		GCP60, GCP16,  beta1AR,  ROMK, PIST	Plasma membrane transport of renal ROMK channel  (Bundis et al. 2006)
				Apoptosis (Maag et al. 2005; Mancini et al. 2000; Sbodio et al. 2006)
Golgin-230/  245/256/GOLGA4	GRIP	ARL1/3		TGN-to-plasma membrane traffic (Lu and Hong 2003)
Giantin/GCP372/  macrogolgin	TMD	Rab1, Rab6	p115, GCP60	Membrane tethering (Alvarez et al. 2001; Derby and Gleeson 2007;  Linstedt et al. 2000; Lowe et al. 2004; Misumi et al. 2001;  Sonnichsen et al. 1998)
				ER-to-Golgi trafficking (Sohda et al. 2001)
				Apoptosis (Lowe et al. 2004)
Bicaudal-D	P	Rab6	Dynactin,  p50-dynamitin	Recruitment of the dynein–dynactin complex (Hoogenraad et al. 2001)
				COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER transport (Matanis et al. 2002)
				Endosome-to-Golgi transport (Wanschers et al. 2007)
CASP	TMD		Golgin-84	Membrane tethering (Malsam et al. 2005)
GCC88	GRIP	ARL1/3	CPSF7, FBF1	trans-Golgi network organization, early endosome-to-TGN  trafficking (Lieu et al. 2007; Luke et al. 2003)
GCC185	GRIP	ARL1/3, Rab1, Rab2, Rab6,  Rab9 (Hayes et al. 2009)	syntaxin 16, CLASP	Membrane tethering (Derby et al. 2007; Reddy et al. 2006)
				MPR recycling (Reddy et al. 2006)
				Attachment of non-centrosomal microtubules (Efimov et al. 2007)
				Golgi ribbon formation (Derby et al. 2007)
GCP16	acylation		GCP170	Transport from Golgi to PM (Ohta et al. 2003)
GCP60/ACBD3	P		Giantin, Golgin-160  (Sbodio et al. 2006),  Numb	ER-to-Golgi transport (Sohda et al. 2001)
				Asymmetric cell division (Zhou et al. 2007)
				Anti-apoptosis (Sbodio et al. 2006)
GCP364				Golgi ribbon formation and perinuclear localization (Toki et al. 1997)
CG-NAP			protein kinase PKN,  RII alpha, protein  phosphatase 2A  (PP2A), protein  phosphatase 1	Scaffold protein for kinases/phosphatases (Takahashi et al. 1999)
GMAP-210/Trip230	GRAB	ARF1	ITF20, γ-tubulin,  thyroid receptor,  retinoblastoma  protein	Membrane tethering (Drin et al. 2008)
				ER-to-Golgi trafficking (Gillingham et al. 2004)
				Ribbon formation (Rios et al. 2004)
				γ-tubulin recruitment (Rios et al. 2004)
				Sorting to primary cilia (Follit et al. 2008)
				Interacts with thyroid hormone receptor beta (Chen et al. 1999)
IIGP165	P			Anti-apoptosis (Ran et al. 2007)
NECC1/2	TMD*			Uncharacterized (Cruz-Garcia et al. 2007)
SCOCO	P			Uncharacterized (Van Valkenburgh et al. 2001)
SCYL1BP1	P	Rab6	Scyl1	Loss-of-function causes Gerodermia osteodysplastica  (Al-Dosari and Alkuraya 2009; Hennies et al. 2008)
TMP/ARF160	P	Rab6	hSNF2a, hSNF2b,  Fer, AR, Stat3	Trafficking of early/recycling endosomes to TGN, Golgi  enzyme retention (Ramirez and Lowe 2009; Yamane et al. 2007)

ER Endoplasmic reticulum; GRAB GRIP-related ARF-binding domain; GRIP Arl-binding domain conserved in golgin-97, RanBP2alpha, Imhlp and p230/golgin-245; MPR mannose 6-phosphate receptor; N-myr amino-terminal-myristoylation; P peripheral membrane protein; PM plasma membrane; TGN trans-Golgi network; TMD transmembrane domain.

^*predicted