Table 2.
Mean Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals by Treatment Group and Mean Group Differences between groups
| Primary Outcomes estimate (95% CI) | Mean Estimates
|
Between-Group Differences
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga (Y) | Stretching (S) | Self-Care (SC) | Omnibus p-valuea | Yoga vs. Self Care | Stretching vs. Self Care | Yoga vs. Stretching | |
|
Unadjusted analysis
| |||||||
| RDQ | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 6.47 (5.37, 7.58) | 5.15 (4.33, 5.97) | 7.04 (5.49, 8.58) | 0.05 | −0.56 (−2.46, 1.34) | −1.88 (−3.63, −0.14) | 1.32 (−0.06, 2.70) |
| 12 weeks | 4.59 (3.66, 5.53) | 4.43 (3.60, 5.26) | 6.56 (5.17, 7.94) | 0.04 | −1.96 (−3.63, −0.29) | −2.12 (−3.74, −0.51) | 0.16 (−1.09, 1.41) |
| 26 weeks | 4.49 (3.51, 5.48) | 4.26 (3.30, 5.22) | 5.73 (4.33, 7.12) | 0.23 | -- | -- | -- |
| Bothersomeness | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 4.10 (3.63, 4.56) | 3.78 (3.38, 4.17) | 4.04 (3.43, 4.66) | 0.55 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 3.26 (2.85, 3.67) | 3.59 (3.14, 4.04) | 4.20 (3.61, 4.80) | 0.05 | −0.95 (−1.66, −0.23) | −0.61 (−1.36, 0.13) | −0.33 (−0.94, 0.27) |
| 26 weeks | 3.59 (3.12, 4.06) | 3.34 (2.86, 3.81) | 3.80 (3.14, 4.46) | 0.52 | -- | -- | -- |
|
| |||||||
|
Adjusted analysisb
| |||||||
| RDQ | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 6.02 (5.15, 6.89) | 5.51 (4.90, 6.13) | 7.26 (6.09, 8.43) | 0.04 | −1.24 (−2.70, 0.23) | −1.74 (−3.04, −0.44) | 0.50 (−0.57, 1.58) |
| 12 weeks | 4.31 (3.55, 5.08) | 4.61 (3.92, 5.30) | 6.79 (5.83, 7.76) | <0.001 | −2.48 (−3.70, −1.26) | −2.18 (−3.37, −1.00) | −0.30 (−1.33, 0.74) |
| 26 weeks | 4.12 (3.28, 4.97) | 4.47 (3.64, 5.30) | 5.93 (4.92, 6.95) | 0.03 | −1.81 (−3.12, −0.50) | −1.47 (−2.78, −0.17) | −0.35 (−1.52, 0.83) |
| Bothersomeness | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 3.95 (3.52, 4.38) | 3.87 (3.51, 4.24) | 4.09 (3.48, 4.71) | 0.83 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 3.18 (2.81, 3.56) | 3.67 (3.23, 4.12) | 4.26 (3.71, 4.81) | 0.01 | −1.07 (−1.75, −0.41) | −0.59 (−1.30, 0.11) | −0.49 (−1.06, 0.08) |
| 26 weeks | 3.48 (3.04, 3.92) | 3.42 (2.96, 3.87) | 3.85 (3.24, 4.46) | 0.51 | -- | -- | -- |
Abbreviations: RDQ = Roland Disability Questionnaire
a
Between Group Comparisons were only calculated if the omnibus p-value was <0.05 following the Least Significant Difference approach to control for multiple comparisons
b
Estimates adjusted for baseline RDQ and bothersomeness score, gender, age, BMI, days of lower back pain in the last six months, pain travelling down the leg and employment-related exertion.