Table 3.
Secondary outcomes: mean estimates and relative risk for pairwise comparisons.
| Secondary outcome mean (95% CI) | Adjusted Mean Estimatesb |
Adjusted Relative Riska |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga (Y) | Stretching (S) | Self-Care (SC) | Omnibus p-valuea | Yoga vs. Self Care | Stretching vs. Self Care | Yoga vs. Stretching | |
|
Binary Variables
| |||||||
| RDQ 30% improvement | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 55% (46, 67) | 58% (48, 70) | 49% (37, 67) | 0.64 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 75% (66, 86) | 71% (63, 83) | 45% (32, 63) | 0.007 | 1.67 (1.17, 2.40) | 1.58 (1.10, 2.27) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) |
| 26 weeks | 66% (56, 78) | 72% (63, 83) | 55% (43, 72) | 0.18 | -- | -- | -- |
| RDQ 50% improvement | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 35% (26, 47) | 38% (29, 49) | 21% (12, 37) | 0.10 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 56% (46, 68) | 52% (41, 63) | 23% (14, 38) | <0.001 | 2.43 (1.40, 4.20) | 2.25 (1.29, 3.93) | 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) |
| 26 weeks | 60% (50, 72) | 51% (41, 63) | 31% (21, 48) | 0.007 | 1.90 (1.21, 2.99) | 1.63 (1.03, 2.59) | 1.17 (0.88, 1.54) |
| Bothersomeness 30% improvement | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 36% (27, 48) | 34% (26, 45) | 32% (23, 46) | 0.89 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 52% (42, 64) | 48% (38, 59) | 23% (15, 36) | <0.001 | 2.24 (1.36, 3.70) | 2.07 (1.26, 3.39) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.46) |
| 26 weeks | 52% (41, 64) | 44% (35, 56) | 29% (19, 43) | 0.03 | 1.80 (1.12, 2.84) | 1.52 (0.96, 2.43) | 1.72 (0.85, 1.62) |
| Bothersomeness 50% improvement | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 16% (10, 26) | 12% (7, 21) | 11% (6, 19) | 0.58 | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 weeks | 25% (17, 37) | 18% (12, 27) | 11% (6, 20) | 0.04 | 2.37 (1.14, 4.94) | 1.66 (0.78, 3.51) | 1.42 (0.81, 2.51) |
| 26 weeks | 22% (15, 34) | 29% (21, 39) | 11% (5, 21) | 0.01 | 2.13 (0.96, 4.73) | 2.73 (1.29, 5.78) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.31) |
| LBP better, much better or completely gone. | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 35% (26, 47) | 34% (26, 46) | 11% (5, 27) | 0.003 | 3.08 (1.26, 7.53) | 3.01 (1.24, 7.32) | 1.02 (0.67, 1.55) |
| 12 weeks | 60% (50, 72) | 46% (36, 58) | 16% (8, 31) | <0.001 | 3.78 (1.86, 7.66) | 2.90 (1.42, 5.93) | 1.3 (0.97, 1.75) |
| 26 weeks | 51% (42, 63) | 51% (41, 63) | 20% (11, 36) | <0.001 | 2.57 (1.39, 4.78) | 2.58 (1.39, 4.77) | 1 (0.75, 1.34) |
| Very satisfied with overall care for LBP | |||||||
| 6 weeks | 48% (39, 60) | 35% (26, 47) | 13% (6, 29) | <0.001 | 3.73 (1.62, 8.59) | 2.72 (1.16, 6.36) | 1.37 (0.96, 1.97) |
| 12 weeks | 60% (50, 73) | 42% (33, 55) | 15% (7, 31) | <0.001 | 3.95 (1.90, 8.21) | 2.77 (1.31, 5.89) | 1.42 (1.05, 1.93) |
Abbreviations: RDQ = Roland Disability Questionnaire; LBP = Lower Back Pain.
a
Between Group Comparisons (relative risks) were only calculated if the omnibus p-value was <0.05 following the Least Significant Difference approach to control for multiple comparisons.
b
Estimates adjusted for baseline RDQ and bothersomeness score, gender, age, BMI, days of lower back pain in the last six months, pain travelling down the leg and employment-related exertion.