Table 5.
Estimated coefficient of the predictor (maternal urine phthalate concentrations) in the linear models for internalizing behaviors on the CBCL when children were 3 years of age.
| Behavior/metabolite (loge) | β-Coefficient (95% CI) | Sex difference p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort (n = 277) | Girls (n = 148) | Boys (n = 129) | ||||||
| Emotionally reactive | ||||||||
| MnBP | 0.25 (–0.09, 0.58) | –0.02 (–0.50, 0.45) | 0.71 (0.22, 1.19)** | 0.03 | ||||
| MiBP | 0.32 (0.01, 0.62)* | 0.34 (–0.11, 0.78) | 0.42 (–0.005, 0.85) | 0.79 | ||||
| MBzP | 0.21 (–0.02, 0.44) | 0.26 (–0.05, 0.57) | 0.34 (–0.008, 0.69) | 0.72 | ||||
| ΣDEHP | –0.0002 (–0.27, 0.27) | 0.07 (–0.30, 0.44) | –0.007 (–0.5, 0.4) | 0.79 | ||||
| Anxious/depressed | ||||||||
| MnBP | 0.26 (–0.11, 0.65) | 0.41 (–0.11, 0.94) | 0.17 (–0.40, 0.75) | 0.54 | ||||
| MiBP | 0.12 (–0.23, 0.47) | 0.16 (–0.34, 0.66) | 0.12 (–0.38, 0.61) | 0.91 | ||||
| MBzP | 0.22 (–0.04, 0.48) | 0.51 (0.17, 0.85)** | –0.05 (–0.46, 0.35) | 0.035 | ||||
| ΣDEHP | 0.18 (–0.13, 0.49) | 0.18 (–0.23, 0.59) | 0.19 (–0.32, 0.70) | 0.98 | ||||
| Somatic complaints | ||||||||
| MnBP | 0.54 (0.19, 0.90)** | 0.43 (–0.06, 0.91) | 0.77 (0.21, 1.33)** | 0.35 | ||||
| MiBP | 0.25 (–0.08, 0.58) | 0.24 (–0.22, 0.70) | 0.31 (–0.18, 0.81) | 0.83 | ||||
| MBzP | 0.09 (–0.15, 0.34) | 0.42 (0.10, 0.73)** | –0.23 (–0.63, 0.17) | 0.01 | ||||
| ΣDEHP | –0.06 (–0.35, 0.23) | –0.08 (–0.45, 0.30) | –0.12 (–0.62, 0.39) | 0.90 | ||||
| Withdrawn behavior | ||||||||
| MnBP | 0.40 (0.05, 0.74)* | 0.47 (–0.03, 0.98) | 0.56 (0.09, 1.03)* | 0.79 | ||||
| MiBP | 0.28 (–0.04, 0.60) | 0.47 (–0.007, 0.94) | 0.36 (–0.05, 0.77) | 0.74 | ||||
| MBzP | 0.31 (0.07, 0.55)** | 0.61 (0.29, 0.93)# | 0.24 (–0.09, 0.58) | 0.12 | ||||
| ΣDEHP | –0.04 (–0.32, 0.25) | –0.04 (–0.44, 0.36) | 0.15 (–0.28, 0.57) | 0.52 | ||||
| Internalizing behavior | ||||||||
| MnBP | 1.45 (0.40, 2.50)** | 1.29 (–0.15, 2.72) | 2.21 (0.66, 3.76)** | 0.39 | ||||
| MiBP | 0.97 (–0.002, 1.94) | 1.20 (–0.15, 2.55) | 1.21 (–0.16, 2.56) | 0.99 | ||||
| MBzP | 0.83 (0.11, 1.56)* | 1.79 (0.88, 2.69)** | 0.29 ( –0.83, 1.42) | 0.04 | ||||
| ΣDEHP | 0.08 (–0.78, 0.95) | 0.13 (–0.99, 1.26) | 0.21 (–1.21, 1.63) | 0.93 | ||||
| Sex difference was detected by Wald test. Models controlled for ethnicity, maternal IQ, maternal demoralization, maternal hardship and maternal satisfaction during pregnancy, maternal prenatal exposure to PAH and BPA, child sex, child age in months at the time of the CBCL administration, and specific gravity. *p < 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, #p < 0.001. | ||||||||