TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Median (interquartile range) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32.2 (28.2–36.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 (27.8–32.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111 (104–119) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69 (64–74) |
| Body percent fat (%)* | 44.0 (40.7–48.4) |
| Fasting total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 169 (155–202) |
| Fasting HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 38 (32–44) |
| Fasting LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 110 (93–129) |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) | 127 (82–170) |
| Fasting free fatty acid (μmol/l) | 468 (382–570) |
| Fasting adiponectin (ng/ml) | 6,034 (4,584–7,362) |
| Fasting CRP (ng/ml) | 28.9 (14.2–57.3) |
| Fasting leptin (ng/ml) | 11.3 (8.7–13.7) |
| Fasting IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.4 (1.5–3.2) |
| oGTT† | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 95.0 (90.5–104) |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dl) | 142.5 (119.5–166) |
| Glucose total area (AUC: mg/dl per min/1,000) | 25.0 (22.4–28.6) |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 17.5 (12.5–25) |
| 2-h insulin (μU/ml) | 110 (77–178) |
| Insulin total area (μU/ml per min/1,000) | 18.1 (13.2–25.3) |
| 30 Δinsulin (μU/ml)‡ | 80.5 (54.5–110) |
| ivGTT | |
| Insulin sensitivity (SI; min/μU/ml × 10−4)§ | 1.27 (0.95–2.0) |
| Acute insulin response (AIRg, μU/ml × min)‖ | 509 (304–843) |
| Disposition index (DI: SI × AIRg)¶ | 834 (423–1,320) |
| Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp** | |
| Basal glucose production (HGO: mmol/min/m2) | 0.38 (0.33–0.42) |
| Basal glucose clearance (Clrglu: 100 × ml/min/m2) | 7.11 (6.43–7.79) |
| Steady-state glucose infusion rate (Ginf:mmol/min/m2) | 0.70 (0.57–0.79) |
| Steady-state ΔHGO (mmol/min/m2)†† | −0.27 (−0.23 to −0.30) |
| Steady-state ΔClrglu (100 × ml/min/m2)†† | 10.1 (7.6–12.9) |
To convert the glucose in unit of mg/dl to the SI unit of mmol/l, multiply the number in the table by 0.0555.
*Estimated by bioelectrical impedance.
†During 75-g oGTTs.
‡Calculated as 30 min insulin − fasting insulin during oGTT.
§Calculated by minimal model analysis of ivGTT insulin and glucose data.
‖Incremental insulin area during first 10 min of ivGTT.
¶A measure of β-cell compensation for insulin resistance.
**Basal values are the means of data collected during the last 90 min of the 3-h basal tracer infusion period, and steady-state values are the means of data collected during the final 30 min of the 3-h euglycemic insulin infusion period.
††Calculated as steady state-basal.