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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2011 Sep 23;61(3):341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.009

Table 3.

Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and obesity measures using multiple regression

	Serum cortisol				Serum cortisol				Urine free cortisol
	Area under the curve (AUC_g)				Net response (AUC_i)				Log₁₀ excretion rate (nmol/h)

	β	B	SE (B)	p	β	B	SE (B)	p	β	B	SE (B)	p

Dependent variable
BMI^a	−.103	−.049	.028	.09	−.076	−.062	.048	.20	.181	3.544	1.237	.005
BMI-Z^b	−.174	−.014	.005	.004	−.144	−.019	.008	.02	.178	.560	.205	.007
Percent body fat^c	−.046	−.027	.038	.48	−.045	−.045	.065	.49	.109	2.597	1.658	.12
Fat distribution^d,^e	−.146	−.003	.001	.02	−.114	−.004	.002	.07	.146	.110	.050	.03

Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; SES=socioeconomic status; DXA=dual energy X-ray absorptiometry;

^a

Model adjusted for age, race, Tanner stage, and SES.;

^b

Model adjusted for race, Tanner stage, and SES.;

^c

Model adjusted for age, race, and SES.;

^d

Model adjusted for Tanner stage and SES.;

^e

Fat distribution=fat mass in upper/lower body regions (DXA).