Table 3.
Serum Levels of Inflammatory Mediators of Medication-Free Subjects with Autism
| A. Versus Healthy Age-Matched Control Subjects | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Subjects |
Control subjects |
|
|
||||
| Mediator | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | N | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | n | p* | Kit detection limit (pg/mL) |
| EGF | 162 | 148 | 75 | 104 | 131 | 19 | 0.048 | 4.8 |
| IL-13 | 17 | 81 | 77 | 58 | 107 | 19 | 0.0003 | 3.3 |
| IL-1α | 777 | 1129 | 77 | 437 | 480 | 19 | 0.2 | 1.3 |
| IL-1RA | 280 | 757 | 77 | 725 | 2261 | 19 | 0.7 | 7.7 |
| IL-17 | 9.6 | 36 | 77 | 32 | 103 | 19 | 0.2 | 1.0 |
| IFN-γ | 17 | 104 | 77 | 17 | 70 | 19 | 0.1 | 1.3 |
| MCP-1 | 286 | 140 | 77 | 240 | 104 | 19 | 0.1 | 1.3 |
| B. At Baseline Visit Versus After Eight-Week Treatment with Placebo | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Week 1 |
Week 8 |
|
|
|
||
| Mediator | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | n | p* | r, p+ |
| EGF | 156 | 147 | 142 | 149 | 33 | 0.94 | 0.54, 0.001 |
| IL-13 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 35 | 0.35 | 0.77, 0.0001 |
| IL-1α | 805 | 1121 | 781 | 1114 | 34 | 0.26 | 0.98, 0.0001 |
| IL-1RA | 220 | 349 | 105 | 99 | 34 | 0.08 | 0.60, 0.0001 |
| IL-17 | 12 | 38 | 5 | 10 | 36 | 0.28 | 0.67, 0.0001 |
| IFN-γ | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 35 | 0.34 | 0.67, 0.0001 |
| MCP-1 | 287 | 140 | 277 | 158 | 35 | 0.87 | 0.62, 0.0001 |
| C. At Baseline Visit Versus After Eight-Week Treatment with Risperidone | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Week 1 |
Week 8 |
|
|
|
||
| Mediator | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | Mean (pg/mL) | SD (pg/mL) | n | p* | r, p+ |
| EGF | 168 | 150 | 171 | 173 | 38 | 0.94 | 0.54, 0.0006 |
| IL-13 | 29 | 110 | 26 | 99 | 38 | 0.27 | 0.80, 0.0001 |
| IL-1α | 751 | 1149 | 786 | 1146 | 38 | 0.33 | 0.95, 0.0001 |
| IL-1RA | 344 | 1010 | 301 | 712 | 37 | 0.47 | 0.54, 0.0005 |
| IL-17 | 13 | 48 | 13 | 34 | 38 | 0.86 | 0.60. 0.0001 |
| IFN-γ | 29 | 144 | 22 | 96 | 38 | 0.34 | 0.76, 0.0001 |
| MCP-1 | 276 | 128 | 277 | 144 | 38 | 0.94 | 0.65, 0.0001 |
*
The difference in numbers of subjects for individual cytokines was determined by the availability of the reliable duplicate data for both time points; the investigator who performed the selection of the data was blinded to the identity of the samples.
SD=standard deviation; EGF=epidermal growth factor; MCP-1=monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IFN=interferon; IL=interleukin; RA=receptor antagonist.