Table 3.
Prevalence rates and age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios for anemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hypertension associated with level of eGFR
| eGFR | Anemia | Acidosis | Hyperphosphatemia | Hypoalbuminemia | Hyperparathyroidism | Hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted prevalence rates | ||||||
| ≥120 | 6.6% | 14.5% | 8.3% | 1.5% | 7.1% | 7.1% |
| 90 to 119 | 4.0% | 11.2% | 7.2% | 1.0% | 5.5% | 18.3% |
| 60 to 89 | 4.7% | 8.4% | 7.4% | 1.3% | 9.4% | 41.0% |
| 45 to 59 | 12.3% | 9.4% | 9.2% | 2.8% | 23.0% | 71.8% |
| 30 to 44 | 22.7% | 18.1% | 9.3% | 9.0% | 44.0% | 78.3% |
| <30 | 51.5% | 31.5% | 23.0% | 7.5%a | 72.5% | 82.1% |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Age-adjusted prevalence ratios | ||||||
| ≥120 | 2.4 (2.0 to 3.0) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 2.5 (1.7 to 3.8) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) |
| 90 to 119 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 60 to 89 | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.1) |
| 45 to 59 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.6) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.4) | 1.1 (1.1 to 1.1) |
| 30 to 44 | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.4) | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.1) | 2.5 (1.3 to 4.8) | 5.8 (4.2 to 7.9) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) |
| <30 | 5.1 (4.1 to 6.5) | 4.9 (3.5 to 6.8) | 5.1 (3.4 to 7.6) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.7) | 9.6 (7.0 to 13.3) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.096 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted prevalence ratios: model 1b | ||||||
| ≥120 | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.7) |
| 90 to 119 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 60 to 89 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) |
| 45 to 59 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.5) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.6) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.1) |
| 30 to 44 | 2.4 (1.9 to 3.0) | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.3) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2) | 1.9 (1.3 to 3.9) | 5.7 (4.3 to 7.6) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) |
| <30 | 4.4 (3.4 to 5.8) | 4.7 (3.3 to 6.7) | 5.33 (3.6 to 7.8) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.8) | 8.2 (5.7 to 11.8) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.151 | <0.001 | 0.236 |
| Adjusted prevalence ratios: model 2c | ||||||
| ≥120 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 0.7 (0.9 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) |
| 90 to 119 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 60 to 89 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.1) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.0) | 1.1 (1.1 to 1.2) |
| 45 to 59 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 3.1 (2.2 to 4.4) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) |
| 30 to 44 | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.6) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.3) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.3) | 5.0 (3.6 to 6.9) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) |
| <30 | 4.2 (3.1 to 5.7) | 4.9 (3.4 to 7.1) | 4.7 (3.2 to 6.9) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.0) | 8.2 (5.7 to 11.5) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.343 | <0.001 | 0.866 |
All prevalence ratios include adjustment for NHANES phase (1988–1994, 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, or 2005–2006).
aEstimate may be unreliable due to limited number of participants with low serum albumin in this cell.
bThe adjusted prevalence ratio model 1 includes age, race/ethnicity, gender, and log albuminuria.
cThe adjusted prevalence ratio model 2 includes variables in model 1 and cigarette smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and C-reactive protein except in the model for hypertension, where hypertension is not adjusted.