Table 3. Percentage of women who had at least one live birth in their adolescence (15–19) during the last five years preceding the survey by usage pattern of maternity care services by background characteristics, NFHS-3 (2005–06), rural India.
| Background characteristics | Full antenatal care | Safe delivery | Postnatal care |
| Maternal age | (4.790)** | (0.446)ns | (1.110)ns |
| <18 | 13.0 | 45.3 | 33.9 |
| 18–19 | 15.1 | 46.2 | 35.3 |
| Women's education | (259.469)*** | (549.670)*** | (316.619)*** |
| Illiterate | 6.9 | 31.3 | 24.0 |
| Literate but below primary | 16.7 | 48.1 | 36.3 |
| Primary but below middle | 18.6 | 54.7 | 41.1 |
| Middle but below high school | 19.2 | 61.8 | 46.9 |
| High school and above | 31.8 | 82.5 | 60.3 |
| Husband's education | (76.994)*** | (250.827)*** | (78.635)*** |
| Illiterate | 8.3 | 32.8 | 27.5 |
| Literate but below primary | 12.3 | 38.1 | 31.8 |
| Primary but below middle | 15.4 | 45.9 | 37.1 |
| Middle but below high school | 15.5 | 51.6 | 34.7 |
| High school and above | 19.1 | 60.9 | 42.8 |
| Religion | (3.285)ns | (29.492)*** | (13.712)*** |
| Hindu | 13.5 | 47.1 | 35.1 |
| Muslim | 14.3 | 36.8 | 29.5 |
| Others | 18.3 | 48.2 | 42.3 |
| Social group | (32.821)*** | (114.951)*** | (65.487)*** |
| Others | 17.7 | 56.7 | 45.3 |
| Scheduled Castes (SCs) | 10.8 | 40.1 | 31.4 |
| Scheduled Tribes (STs) | 9.9 | 33.3 | 31.3 |
| Other Backward Classes (OBCs) | 14.6 | 48.3 | 33.1 |
| Autonomy | (0.821)ns | (7.278)*** | (7.558)*** |
| Low | 13.5 | 44.7 | 33.6 |
| High | 14.6 | 49.2 | 38.0 |
| Mass media exposure | (84.544)*** | (219.472)*** | (151.418)*** |
| No exposure | 7.9 | 32.0 | 23.7 |
| Any exposure | 16.9 | 53.0 | 40.3 |
| Wealth quintile | (224.383)*** | (497.739)*** | (306.121)*** |
| Poorest | 7.0 | 29.2 | 23.1 |
| Poorer | 10.5 | 41.1 | 29.8 |
| Middle | 17.5 | 54.4 | 41.4 |
| Richer | 25.3 | 67.7 | 50.7 |
| Richest | 32.6 | 88.1 | 67.6 |
| Family structure | (0.145)ns | (24.592)*** | (3.613)* |
| Nuclear | 13.2 | 39.9 | 32.0 |
| Joint | 13.6 | 47.6 | 34.8 |
| Birth order and interval | (16.078)*** | (200.393)*** | (41.750)*** |
| Birth order 1 | 15.1 | 52.6 | 37.4 |
| Birth order-2/3 and interval < = 24 | 10.4 | 38.6 | 32.8 |
| Birth order-2/3 and interval >24 | 12.4 | 29.2 | 26.7 |
| Status of the child | (1.834)ns | (0.184)ns | (0.013)ns |
| Wanted | 13.5 | 45.8 | 34.5 |
| Unwanted | 15.3 | 44.9 | 34.7 |
| Visited health provider | (15.942)*** | (0.158)ns | (19.140)*** |
| No | 12.3 | 45.4 | 32.3 |
| Yes | 16.2 | 46.0 | 38.2 |
| Region | (337.076)*** | (492.363)*** | (811.924)*** |
| South | 32.0 | 73.7 | 70.4 |
| North | 11.6 | 50.0 | 37.3 |
| Central | 5.8 | 33.1 | 18.2 |
| East | 11.8 | 37.9 | 26.5 |
| Northeast | 9.3 | 30.8 | 16.9 |
| West | 14.5 | 61.1 | 49.8 |
| Total | 13.8 | 45.6 | 34.5 |
Note: Figures in parentheses are the Chi-square statistics; χ2 test applied for each variable.
Level of significance:
*
p<0.10;
**
p<0.05;
***
p<0.01. ns: not significant.