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Seropositivity/negativity for Helicobacter pylori of female Vietnamese immigrants n (%)
| Characteristics (n) | H. pylori positive | H. pylori negative | P value |
| Smoking (n = 338) | |||
| None | 171 (98.8) | 165 (100) | 0.261 |
| Yes | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Alcohol drink (n = 323) | |||
| None | 151 (93.2) | 152 (94.4) | 0.178 |
| Yes | 11 (6.8) | 9 (5.6) | |
| Exercise (n = 338) | |||
| None | 124 (71.3) | 125 (76.2) | 0.301 |
| Yes | 50 (28.7) | 39 (23.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal disease (n = 338) | |||
| None | 159 (91.9) | 140 (84.9) | 0.042 |
| Yes | 14 (8.1) | 25 (15.1) |
