Simplified kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. IDO, indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase; KAT, kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase or kynurenine 3-hydroxylase; KYNU, kynureninase; TDO, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase; TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase.